Objective Measurement of Ball-Handling Proficiency in Wheelchair Sports: A Systematic Review.

Background: In Paralympic sports, classification of athletes based on the impact of impairments on the ability to perform is needed, to prevent a one-sided and predictable outcome of the competition in which the least impaired athlete has the best chance to win. Classification is developing from expert opinion based to evidence based. In wheelchair court sports, there is evidence to support the impact of impairment on wheeled mobility, but not on ball handling.

Real-Time Sensing with Multiplexed Optomechanical Resonators.

Nanoelectromechanical resonators have been successfully used for a variety of sensing applications. Their extreme resolution comes from their small size, which strongly limits their capture area. This leads to a long analysis time and the requirement for large sample quantity.

Water Loss from Protonated XxxSer and XxxThr Dipeptides Gives Oxazoline-Not Oxazolone-Product Ions.

Neutral loss of water and ammonia are often significant fragmentation channels upon collisional activation of protonated peptides. Here, we deploy infrared ion spectroscopy to investigate the dehydration reactions of protonated AlaSer, AlaThr, GlySer, GlyThr, PheSer, PheThr, ProSer, ProThr, AsnSer, and AsnThr, focusing on the question of the structure of the resulting [M + H - HO] fragment ion and the site from which HO is expelled. In all cases, the second residue of the selected peptides contains a hydroxyl moiety, so that HO loss can potentially occur from this side-chain, as an alternative to loss from the C-terminal free acid of the dipeptide.

A Systematic Review Comparing Experimental Design of Animal and Human Methotrexate Efficacy Studies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Lessons for the Translational Value of Animal Studies.

Increased awareness and understanding of current practices in translational research is required for informed decision making in drug development. This paper describes a systematic review of methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis, comparing trial design between 147 animal and 512 human studies. Animal studies generally included fewer subjects than human studies, and less frequently reported randomisation and blinding.

Effects of long-term oral testosterone undecanoate therapy on urinary symptoms: data from a 1-year, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial in aging men with symptomatic hypogonadism.

Background: There has been a longstanding question as to whether testosterone therapy could precipitate or worsen urinary symptoms in aging men. We investigated the effects of 1-year oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) therapy on urinary symptoms in aging, hypogonadal men.

Methods: A total of 322 men ≥50 years with symptomatic testosterone deficiency participated in a 1-year, randomized, multicenter, double-blind trial.