ADHD and Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity in Children and Adults: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: In this review, we focus on overlapping features of ADHD and anxiety disorders, and will discuss how an anxiety disorder comorbidity leads to diagnostic and treatment challenges in patients with ADHD, in consideration of the accumulated available knowledge. RECENT FINDINGS: The presence of overlapping symptoms, changes in the diagnostic criteria, and the use of divergent diagnostic tools and informant effects can complicate the diagnosis of this comorbidity. Due to the ongoing debate about the etiology, psychopathology, and diagnostic features of the association between ADHD and anxiety disorders, choosing appropriate treatment options emerges as a challenge.

Visual motion direction evoked potentials are direction specifically influenced by concurrent vestibular stimulation.

We investigated the influence of vestibular stimulation on visual motion-direction perception using electrophysiological recordings. Visual motion-direction evoked potentials decreased in area during the rotation of subjects about their vertical z-axis, when visual and vestibular motion directions were incongruous (visual and vestibular stimulation in the same directions). Visual pattern onset evoked potentials, however, remained unaffected by vestibular stimulation.

Electrophysiological evidence for direction-specific rotary evoked potentials in human subjects--a topographical study.

The spatio-temporal characteristics of rotary evoked potentials are unknown up to now. Transient motions with sinusoidal velocity profile (60 degrees , 47.12 degrees /s, 74.