The use of organizational principles in naming generation: its relation to time-dependency in normal elderly and Alzheimer patients.

Nineteen elderly--ten healthy and nine Alzheimer patients--were given a naming-generation task. Their responses were analyzed according to word-type and inter-word relatedness. The results were correlated with the Mini-Mental-State Examination (MMSE) and examined to elucidate time-dependency.

Word fluency in aging and dementia: principles of relatedness in the generative naming process.

Nineteen elderly people, some healthy, some Alzheimer patients, were given the Word Fluency Test. Their responses were correlated with several personal variables such as age, years of education, Mini-Mental-State score, etc. The responses were also analyzed in terms of types and percentage of word relatedness.

Budding and tubulation in highly oblate vesicles by anchored amphiphilic molecules.

We studied local budding and tubulation induced in highly oblate lipid vesicles by the anchoring of either polymers having a hydrophilic backbone and grafted hydrophobic anchor groups, or by oleoyl-coenzyme A, an amphiphilic molecule important in lipid metabolism. The dynamics of bud formation, shrinkage, and readsorption is consistent with an induced spontaneous curvature coupled with local amphiphile diffusion on the membrane. We report a novel metastable state prior to bud readsorption.

Pearling instabilities of membrane tubes with anchored polymers.

We have studied the pearling instability induced on hollow tubular lipid vesicles by hydrophilic polymers with hydrophobic side groups along the backbone. The results show that the polymer concentration is coupled to local membrane curvature. The relaxation of a pearled tube is characterized by two different well-separated time scales, indicating two physical mechanisms.