Spatial variability of nitrous oxide emissions from croplands and unmanaged natural ecosystems across a large environmental gradient.

Atmospheric nitrous oxide (NO) is a potent greenhouse gas, with long atmospheric residence time and a global warming potential 273 times higher than CO. NO emissions are mainly produced from soils and are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors that can be substantially altered by anthropogenic activities, such as land uses, especially when unmanaged natural ecosystems are replaced by croplands or other uses. In this study, we evaluated the spatial variability of NO emissions from croplands (maize, soybean, wheat, and sugar cane crops), paired with the natural grasslands or forests that they replaced across a wide environmental gradient in Argentina, and identified the key drivers governing the spatial variability of NO emissions using structural equation modeling.

Cognitive reserve as a protective factor against cognitive impairment in chronic fatigue syndrome.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by persistent exhaustion and substantial declines in social and psychological functioning. Cognitive impairment (CI) is prevalent in CFS, affecting cognitive domains, such as memory, attention, and information processing. The concept of cognitive reserve (CR), positing that life experiences contribute to resilience against cognitive decline, is relevant in understanding the variability in CI among CFS patients.

Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a psychosocial education program on postnatal depression (PND), perceived stress, (PSS), and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy (PMPSE).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was used with stratified block randomization. The sample size consisted of 128 pregnant women.