Is There Any Relationship between Hyperbilirubinemia and Pelvicaliceal Dilatation in Newborn Babies?

Objective: A recent study reported association of high bilirubin concentrations with decrease in basal vesical tonicity and relaxation of pre-contracted ureteral and vesical smooth muscles in vitro, and authors discussed that recovery of antenatal hydronephrosis might partly be associated with decreased bladder resistance to the urine flow due to hyperbilirubinemia. We aimed to investigate whether any relationship between serum bilirubin levels and antero-posterior renal pelvic diameters or pelvicaliceal dilatations exist during newborn period.

Methods: Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (group 1) and healthy neonates (group 2) were randomly selected to the study.

Renal resistive indexes and some renal functions in liver cirrhotic children.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate renal vascular resistive changes in children with different stages of liver cirrhosis without obvious renal failure.

Methods: Twenty-nine children (14 girls, 15 boys, mean age 11.6 years) with cirrhosis and 20 healthy children (mean age 10.

Adequate immune response to tetanus toxoid and failure of vitamin A and E supplementation to enhance antibody response in healthy children.

The effects of vitamin A and vitamin E supplementation on the IgG response to tetanus toxoid after primary immunization were evaluated in a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial involving 89 healthy infants with normal serum vitamin A and E levels at 2 months of age. Before the first dose of DPT vaccine, the infants were randomly enrolled into four different study groups [Group I (n=24): 30,000 IU vitamin A for 3 days just after each three doses of primary vaccination, Group II (n=21): 150 mg oral vitamin E for only 1 day after the injections for primary immunization, Group III (n=21): vitamins A and E together in the same order, Group IV (n=23) no vitamin after DPT vaccines]. Serum tetanus antitoxin (IgG) titres were measured three times; initially at 2 months of age before the first dose of DPT, secondly at 5 months of age 1 month after primary immunization and thirdly at 16-18 months of age before the booster dose of DPT.