Single-molecule micromanipulation studies of methylated DNA.

Cytosine methylated at the five-carbon position is the most widely studied reversible DNA modification. Prior findings indicate that methylation can alter mechanical properties. However, those findings were qualitative and sometimes contradictory, leaving many aspects unclear.

[The Challenges of Vaccine Development Against Betacoronaviruses: Antibody Dependent Enhancement and Sendai Virus as a Possible Vaccine Vector].

To design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to elicit a combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as well as to minimize the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV that were developed based on inactivated coronavirus or vector constructs expressing the spike protein (S) of the virion. The substitution and glycosylation of certain amino acids in the antigenic determinants of the S-protein, as well as its conformational changes, can lead to the same effect in a new experimental vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

The Challenges of Vaccine Development against Betacoronaviruses: Antibody Dependent Enhancement and Sendai Virus as a Possible Vaccine Vector.

To design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to use their evolutionarily conservative antigenic determinants that will elicit the combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Targeting such determinants minimizes the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV that were developed based on inactivated coronavirus or vector constructs expressing the spike protein (S) of the virion.

Chemical map of Schizosaccharomyces pombe reveals species-specific features in nucleosome positioning.

Using a recently developed chemical approach, we have generated a genome-wide map of nucleosomes in vivo in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) at base pair resolution. The shorter linker length previously identified in S.

NF-kappaB balances vascular regression and angiogenesis via chromatin remodeling and NFAT displacement.

Extracellular factors control the angiogenic switch in endothelial cells (ECs) via competing survival and apoptotic pathways. Previously, we showed that proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors target the same signaling molecules, which thereby become pivots of angiogenic balance. Here we show that in remodeling endothelium (ECs and EC precursors) natural angiogenic inhibitors enhance nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA binding, which is critical for antiangiogenesis, and that blocking the NF-kappaB pathway abolishes multiple antiangiogenic events in vitro and in vivo.