The influence of weather-climatic and social factors on population mortality from circulatory diseases in Russia.

Aim: To study the links between the standard mortality rate of the population from circulatory system diseases (CSD) with factors: weather-climatic (inter-day jumps in air temperature and atmospheric pressure by seasons and for the year) and social (average annual income per person and the number of doctors of all specialties) in Russia for the period 1995-2015.

Materials And Methods: According to station data and data of reanalysis, seasonal and annual amounts of day-to-day jumps in air temperature were calculated more than the absolute value of 4° and 6°C and the atmospheric pressure more than the absolute value of 8 GPa. The links between climate variables and the mortality rate of the population, taking into account social factors, were investigated using factor analysis, including regression and variance analyses.

[Effect of pH on muscarinic antagonist selectivity].

The results of in vitro experiments showed that the receptor selectivity of the M-cholinoblocker tropacin (in contrast to that of amedine) is pH-dependent. A difference observed in the characteristics of tropacin selectivity in vivo and in vitro is probably explained by dissimilar conditions for the ligand interaction with M-cholinoreceptors in the organism and in the in vitro experiments. It is suggested that certain short-time (transient) local pH changes capable of affecting the ligand--receptor interaction parameters may take place in the synaptic cleft in the course of the neurotransmission.

[Effect of biotransformation on the receptor selectivity of muscarinic antagonists in vivo].

In the experiments in vivo it is found that the receptor selectivity of muscarine antagonist glypine is time-dependent unlike atropine, amedine, benzhexol, benactyzine, and thropacin. Using modulation of the metabolic system activity it is shown that upon biotransformation glypine forms active metabolites that differs in receptor selectivity of the action.

[The evaluation of the specific activity and side effects of the m-cholinergic blocker pentifin compared to other antiparkinson agents].

Experiments on rodents showed that pentifin, a muscarine antagonist belonging to the group of acetylene amines, possesses a pronounced antiparkinsonian activity. Pentifin is superior in the breadth of therapeutic action and tolerance characteristics to the conventional agents used for Parkinson's disease treatment.

[The role of the blockade of separate subtypes of muscarinic receptors in realizing the antidotal effect of m-cholinolytics in dimethyl dichlorovinyl phosphate poisoning].

On comparison of the values of receptor selectivity of a series of m-cholinoblockers in vitro with those of the selectivity of their effect in in vivo experiments, pharmacological tests characterizing the interaction of ligands with m1, m2, and m3-subtypes of muscarine receptors were determined. Analysis of the protective effect of m-cholinoblockers in poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OPC) depending on their activity in the determined tests showed that blocking of the m1-cholinoceptors is responsible for the antidotal effect of the antagonists, whereas block ing of m2-cholinoceptors prevents it. It is suggested that the negative effect of m2-cholinoceptor blocking on the protective effect of the drugs in OPC poisoning is mediate d by increased excretion of the mediator into the synaptic cleft as a result of interaction of the ligands with the presynaptic autochol inoceptors.