Functional Imbalance of Glutamate- and GABAergic Neuronal Systems in the Pathogenesis of Focal Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Humans.

The mechanisms of the formation of pharmacological resistance in temporal focal epilepsy remain poorly understood, and effective treatment strategies that can suppress epileptogenesis do not currently exist. We studied the imbalance between the glutamatergic (stimulating) and GABAergic (inhibitory) neuronal systems, as well as the role of apoptotic processes in the pathogenesis of drug-resistant epilepsy. To this end, the expression of Gad65, Vglut2, NR2B, Bcl-2, and caspase-8 proteins was analyzed in the gray and white matter of the temporal cortex of human brain.

[The epithelium of terminal placental villi in pregnant women with diffuse toxic goiter].

Objective: To study the state of trophoblast and basal membranes of terminal placental villi in pregnant women with compensated diffuse toxic goiter.

Material And Methods: Placental fragments from 38-40-week pregnant women were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry using PCNA, NCL-COLL-IV, and NCL-MMP-2-507 monoclonal antibodies ("Novocastra", United Kingdom).

Results: Examination of the terminal placental villi revealed changes in their syncytiotrophoblast in the women with physiological and gestosis-complicated pregnancy and compensated diffuse toxic goiter; immunohistochemistry showed degradation of basal membranes and a change in their levels of type IV collagen.

[Morphological and immunohistochemical peculiarities of placental terminal villi in a physiological and gestosis-complicated pregnancy and in pregnancy in patients with type I diabetes and gestosis].

Using the methods of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, the structural organization of terminal placental villi was studied in a physiological and gestosis-complicated pregnancy, as well as in women with type I diabetes mellitus and gestosis. The studies have revealed both morphological and immunohistochemical differences in the ratio of structural components in the terminal placental villi, including decreased diameter of the villi, increased degree of capillarization, reduced proportion of the connective tissue, increased type I, II, III, and VI collagen content in the connective tissue extracellular matrix and the decreased type IV collagen content in basement membranes in gestosis-complicated pregnancy. These changes were more expressed in the combination of gestosis and type I diabetes mellitus.

[Morphological peculiarities of terminal placental villi in Capreolus capreolus pygargus].

This investigation was aimed at the study of peculiarities of placentation in Siberian roe (Capreolus capreolus pygargus)--one of the representatives of the Cervidae family which is characterized by an embryonic diapause. Using histological and morphometric methods, the main structural-functional regularities of the organization of roe placenta were determined at different stages of gestation, that included the formation of placenta at later stages of gestation, as compared with other ruminants, prevalence of trophoblastic lining over the connective tissue in terminal villi in the zone of intensive exchange between mother and fetus up to the 5th month of gestation, high degree of capillarity of terminal villi, high numerical density of giant cells in trophoblast. The problems of trophoblast regeneration in the terminal villi and an adaptational role of embryonic diapause in fetal survival and maintenance of vital functions, are discussed.

[The use of tactivin in the combined treatment and prevention of complications in reconstructive operations on the bones of the facial skeleton].

Sixty-three patients with congenital and acquired defects and deformations of facial bones without concomitant diseases were examined. Twenty-eight of them were operated on; auto- and alloplasty was resorted to in 18 patients, and to 10 patients tactivin was administered after common protocols for immunocorrection before or after surgery. Immunologic and clinical studies showed that immunodeficiency states are the most probable causes of postoperative complications following repair surgery on the facial bones.