Metabolic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Unraveling the Glucose-Lipid Connection.

Despite many years of research into the complex neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, the precise aetiology cannot be pinpointed down to one causative agent but rather a multitude of mechanisms. Current treatment options can alleviate symptomsbut only slightly slow down the progression and not cure the disease and its underlying causes. Factors that play a role in causing the debilitating neurodegenerative psycho-motoric symptoms include genetic alterations, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, general inflammation, neurotoxins, iron toxicity, environmental influences, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

In-depth analysis of serum antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus lifecycle proteins, and EBNA1, ANO2, GlialCAM and CRYAB peptides in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: A strong association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been established but the exact role of EBV in MS remains controversial. Recently, molecular mimicry between EBNA1 and specific GlialCAM, CRYAB and ANO2 peptides has been suggested as a possible pathophysiological mechanism. The aim of this study was to analyse anti-EBV antibodies in MS patients against (I) EBV lifecycle proteins, (II) putative cross-reactive peptides, and (III) during treatment.

Screening Algal and Cyanobacterial Extracts to Identify Potential Substitutes for Fetal Bovine Serum in Cellular Meat Cultivation.

Cultured meat technology is a form of cellular agriculture where meat is produced from animal cells grown in a lab, instead of raising and slaughtering animals. This technology relies heavily on fetal bovine serum (FBS) in cell media; hence, production is costly and contributes significantly to ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving the successful commercialization of cell-cultured food requires the critical resolution of manufacturing cost and safety concerns.

A novel method for recombinant mammalian-expressed S-HBsAg virus-like particle production for assembly status analysis and improved anti-HBs serology.

The Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as the only lipid-associated envelope protein of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) acts as cellular attachment and entry mediator of HBV making it the main target of neutralizing antibodies to provide HBV immunity after infection or vaccination. Despite its central role in inducing protective immunity, there is however a surprising lack of comparative studies examining different HBsAgs and their ability to detect anti-HBs antibodies. On the contrary, various time-consuming complex HBsAg production protocols have been established, which result in structurally and functionally insufficiently characterized HBsAg.