Mutational loss of carotenoids in alkaliphilic OF4 results in sensitivity to oxidative stress and growth at high pH.

Alkaliphilic OF4, which has a broad pH growth range of 7.5 to above 10.5, is yellow-pigmented due to carotenoids.

A Hydrophobic Small Protein, BpOF4_01690, Is Critical for Alkaliphily of Alkaliphilic OF4.

A monocistronic small protein, BpOF4_01690, was annotated in alkaliphilic OF4. It comprises 59 amino acids and is hydrophobic. Importantly, homologs of this protein were identified only in alkaliphiles.

The Lysine 299 Residue Endows the Multisubunit Mrp1 Antiporter with Dominant Roles in Na Resistance and pH Homeostasis in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

is generally regarded as a moderately salt- and alkali-tolerant industrial organism. However, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these specific adaptations. Here, we found that the Mrp1 antiporter played crucial roles in conferring both environmental Na resistance and alkali tolerance whereas the Mrp2 antiporter was necessary in coping with high-KCl stress at alkaline pH.

Roles of Staphylococcus aureus Mnh1 and Mnh2 Antiporters in Salt Tolerance, Alkali Tolerance, and Pathogenesis.

has three types of cation/proton antiporters. The type 3 family includes two ultisubunit a/ (Mnh) antiporters, Mnh1 and Mnh2. These antiporters are clusters of seven hydrophobic membrane-bound protein subunits.