Comparison of Shoulder Rotation Strength and Test-Retest Reliability in 3 Test Positions With Swimmers.

Context: Advancements in portable load-cell technology have enabled high-quality assessment of shoulder internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) peak force (Fmax) and rate of force development (RFD). This study's purpose was to explore the reliability and differences between IR and ER Fmax and RFD in different testing positions using a novel load-cell device.

Design: A within-subjects repeated-measures design was employed to compare the intersession values and reliability of Fmax and RFD for both shoulder IR and ER across 3 positions: seated-0°, supine-0° and supine-90°.

Relationship of shoulder internal and external rotation peak force and rate of force development to throwing velocity in high school and collegiate pitchers.

The purpose of this research was to characterize the difference between high school (HS) and collegiate pitcher's throwing velocity, shoulder internal (IR) and external rotator (ER) maximum strength (Fmax) and rate of force development (RFD) and explore relationships between these measures. Competitive HS and collegiate pitchers (n = 26) participated in a single session assessment in which shoulder rotator isometric Fmax and RFD were quantified via a portable strain gauge device and throwing velocity via radar. Paired t-tests, stepwise linear regression models and correlational analyses were used to answer the questions of interest.

An educator's toolkit for virtual simulation: A usability study.

Background: The rapid change brought on by COVID-19 meant that many educators adopted virtual simulation quickly, often without having a strong background in the pedagogical principles of virtual simulation. To address this resource gap, a team of 21 Ontario virtual simulation-experienced educators created the freely available, online, interprofessional Virtual Simulation Educator's Toolkit. The Toolkit provides the theory, practical strategies and resources needed to teach effectively with virtual simulation.