Co-Infection in COVID-19 Patients: Virulence Genes and Their Influence on Respiratory Epithelial Cells in Light of Risk of Severe Secondary Infection.

Pandemics from viral respiratory tract infections in the 20th and early 21st centuries were associated with high mortality, which was not always caused by a primary viral infection. It has been observed that severe course of infection, complications and mortality were often the result of co-infection with other pathogens, especially . During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was also noticed that patients infected with had a significantly higher mortality rate (61.

Both biofilm cytotoxicity and monocytes' adhesion may be used as estimators of enterococcal virulence.

Our study aimed to identify markers of enterococci's virulence potential by evaluating the properties of strains of different sites of isolation. Enterococcal strains were isolated as commensals from faeces and as invasive strains from the urine and blood of patients from the University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland. Changes in monocytes' susceptibility to the cytotoxic activity of isolates of different origins and their adherence to biofilm were evaluated using a flow cytometer.

From the Friend to the Foe- Diverse Impact on the Human Immune System.

is a bacterium which accompanies us from the first days of our life. As a commensal it produces vitamins, metabolizes nutrients, and maintains intestinal pH. All of that happens in exchange for a niche to inhabit.

Changes in the Protein Profile in Staphylococcal Strains from Patients Infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Virus.

strains are particularly often isolated from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of the current research was to determine whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection affects the protein profile of . Bacteria were isolated from the forty swabs collected from the patients in the hospitals of the Pomeranian region.

Changes of urine isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm affect monocytes' response.

The Gram negative rods as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae belong to the most common etiology agents of urinary tract infections. The aim of our study was to assess the diversity of biofilm formed in different urinary tract diseases and their impact on monocytes' adherence and activation. The bacteria were obtained from patients with different kidney problems.