A genome-wide scan of non-coding RNAs and enhancers for refractive error and myopia.

Refractive error (RE) and myopia are complex polygenic conditions with the majority of genome-wide associated genetic variants in non-exonic regions. Given this, and the onset during childhood, gene-regulation is expected to play an important role in its pathogenesis. This prompted us to explore beyond traditional gene finding approaches.

Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of mRNA Into the Mouse and Human Retina and Other Ocular Tissues.

Purpose: Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) show promise in their ability to introduce mRNA to drive protein expression in specific cell types of the mammalian eye. Here, we examined the ability of mRNA encapsulated in LNPs with two distinct formulations to drive gene expression in mouse and human retina and other ocular tissues.

Methods: We introduced mRNA-carrying LNPs into two biological systems.

Two novel non-coding single nucleotide variants in the DNase1 hypersensitivity site of causing North Carolina macular dystrophy in Korea.

Purpose: Pathogenic variants in North Carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD) have rarely been reported in the East Asian population. Herein, we reported novel variants of NCMD in 2 Korean families.

Methods: The regions associated with NCMD were analyzed with genome sequencing, and variants were filtered based on the minor allele frequency (0.

Durable responses at 24 months with high-frequency spinal cord stimulation for nonsurgical refractory back pain.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the 24-month durability of pain relief, function, quality of life, and safety outcomes for patients with nonsurgical refractory back pain (NSRBP) treated with high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (SCS) within a large, national, multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: Following the completion of an RCT comparing high-frequency SCS plus CMM with CMM alone for the treatment of NSRBP, patients gave additional consent for a follow-up extension to 24 months. Presented is the cohort analysis of all patients treated with high-frequency SCS following the optional crossover at 6 months.

Use behavioral research to improve the feasibility and effectiveness of system-level policy.

Individual-level interventions are inadequate to address complex societal problems. Meaningful solutions require system-level policies that alter the incentives that govern behavior. We argue that individual-level interventions can help improve both the feasibility and effectiveness of system-level interventions, especially when designed as an integrated policy package.