Hysterosalpingography.

Objective: To demonstrate the value of the hysterosalpingogram in the evaluation of infertility.

Conclusion(s): Hysterosalpingography, which should be done in the follicular phase of the cycle, evaluates the contour of the uterine cavity, cervical canal, and tubal lumina. Other than being diagnostic, it can prove to be therapeutic.

Cryopreservation of a small number of fresh human testicular spermatozoa and testicular spermatozoa cultured in vitro for 3 days in an empty zona pellucida.

It is known that the motility of human testicular sperm can be improved when they are cultured in vitro for a few days. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is better to freeze human testicular spermatozoa on the day of biopsy (fresh) or after they were cultured for 3 days. A modified, single-sperm freezing technique was used in this study.

Feasibility study of repeated fluorescent in-situ hybridization in the same human blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

In order to increase the number of chromosomes examined in each blastomere, we have developed a repeated fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) procedure by which six or more chromosomes can be analysed per blastomere of a human embryo. Three consecutive FISH procedures with directly-labelled fluorescent Vysis DNA probes were carried out for examination of chromosomes X, Y, 11, 13, 18 and 21 in the same blastomeres (n = 126) and lymphocytes (n = 164). Based on the initial number of nuclei, the percentages of nuclear loss and presence of signals were 3 and 92% respectively in blastomeres; 6 and 91% respectively in lymphocytes after the first FISH; 7 and 87% respectively in blastomeres and 10 and 86% respectively in lymphocytes, after the second FISH.

Ultrarapid detection of sex chromosomes with the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization with direct label DNA probes in single human blastomeres, spermatozoa, amniocytes, and lymphocytes.

Objective: To assess the ultrarapid fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure with a 1-minute hybridization time for gender determination.

Design: Fluorescence in situ hybridization with direct label fluorescence DNA probes for chromosomes X and Y were tested with the use of different hybridization times and different cell types.

Setting: Hospital-based IVF program.

Potential use of repeated fluorescence in situ hybridization in the same human blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of repeated fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures in the same nucleus of a human blastomere.

Design: Three consecutive FISH procedures were performed in the same human blastomere by using direct label fluorescence CEP and WCP probes (Vysis).

Setting: Hospital-based private IVF program.