Effectiveness of aromatherapy for intrapartum and postpartum emotional problems among parturient women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: Perinatal negative emotions are common in parturient women, but the problems are often ignored. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of aromatherapy for intrapartum anxiety (IPA) and postpartum emotional symptoms (PES).

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrials.

Adsorption and reactions of propenoic acid and 2-fluoropropanoic acid on Cu(100) and O/Cu(100).

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reaction/desorption have been employed to investigate the adsorption and reaction pathways of CH=CHCOOH and CHCHFCOOH on Cu(100) and oxygen-precovered Cu(100) [O/Cu(100)]. In the case of CH=CHCOOH on O/Cu(100), CH=CHCOO is the surface intermediate detected between 110 K and 400 K. CH=CHCOO is adsorbed vertically and can change adsorption sites at a higher temperature.