Binding of Ca Ions to Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Micelle Formation, Second Critical Concentration and Precipitation.

Anionic surfactants, such as sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (NaLAS), are utilized in various fields, including industry, household, and agriculture. The efficiency of their use in aqueous environments is significantly affected by the presence of cations, Ca and Mg in particular, as they can decrease the concentration of the surfactant due to precipitation. To understand cation-sulfonate interactions better, we study both NaLAS colloidal solutions in the presence of CaCl and precipitates forming at higher salt concentrations.

Biocompatible poly(ethylene succinate) polyester with molecular weight dependent drug release properties.

In the present study, we demonstrate that well-known molecular weight-dependent solubility properties of a polymer can also be used in the field of controlled drug delivery. To prove this, poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) polyesters with polycondensation time regulated molecular weights were synthesized via catalyst-free direct polymerization in an equimolar ratio of ethylene glycol and succinic acid monomers at 185 °C. DSC and contact angle measurements revealed that increasing the molecular weight (M, 4.

Sol-Gel Synthesis of Ceria-Zirconia-Based High-Entropy Oxides as High-Promotion Catalysts for the Synthesis of 1,2-Diketones from Aldehyde.

Efficient Lewis-acid-catalyzed direct conversion of aldehydes to 1,2-diketones in the liquid phase was enabled by using newly designed and developed ceria-zirconia-based high-entropy oxides (HEOs) as the actual catalysts. The synergistic effect of various cations incorporated in the same oxide structure (framework) was partially responsible for the efficiency of multicationic materials compared to the corresponding single-cation oxide forms. Furthermore, a clear, linear relationship between the Lewis acidity and the catalytic activity of the HEOs was observed.

Differential Precipitation of Mg(OH) from CaSO·2HO Using Citrate as Inhibitor-A Promising Concept for Reagent Recovery from MgSO Waste Streams.

In hydrometallurgical processing and acidic wastewater treatment, one of the neutralizing agents employed is MgO or Mg(OH). At the end of this process, the resulting solution, which is rich in SO and Mg is treated with lime to remove (or minimize the amount) of these ions via the precipitation of Mg(OH) and CaSO·2HO (gypsum). In our work, an attempt was made to separate the two solids by increasing the induction time of the gypsum precipitation, thus regenerating relatively pure Mg(OH) which could be reused in wastewater treatments or hydrometallurgical processing circuits, and in this way, significantly enhancing the economic viability of the process.