Overview of diagnostic performance and results for the first operation phase in Wendelstein 7-X (invited).

Wendelstein 7-X, a superconducting optimized stellarator built in Greifswald/Germany, started its first plasmas with the last closed flux surface (LCFS) defined by 5 uncooled graphite limiters in December 2015. At the end of the 10 weeks long experimental campaign (OP1.1) more than 20 independent diagnostic systems were in operation, allowing detailed studies of many interesting plasma phenomena.

A compact lithium pellet injector for tokamak pedestal studies in ASDEX Upgrade.

Experiments have been performed at ASDEX Upgrade, aiming to investigate the impact of lithium in an all-metal-wall tokamak and attempting to enhance the pedestal operational space. For this purpose, a lithium pellet injector has been developed, capable of injecting pellets carrying a particle content ranging from 1.82 × 10(19) atoms (0.

Status of the diagnostics development for the first operation phase of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X.

An overview of the diagnostics which are essential for the first operational phase of Wendelstein 7-X and the set of diagnostics expected to be ready for operation at this time are presented. The ongoing investigations of how to cope with high levels of stray Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) radiation in the ultraviolet (UV)/visible/infrared (IR) optical diagnostics are described.

Volume measurement of cryogenic deuterium pellets by Bayesian analysis of single shadowgraphy images.

In situ commissioning of the Blower-gun injector for launching cryogenic deuterium pellets at ASDEX Upgrade tokamak was performed. This injector is designed for high repetitive launch of small pellets for edge localised modes pacing experiments. During the investigation the final injection geometry was simulated with pellets passing to the torus through a 5.

Cryogenic pellet launcher adapted for controlling of tokamak plasma edge instabilities.

One of the main challenges posed recently on pellet launcher systems in fusion-oriented plasma physics is the control of the plasma edge region. Strong energy bursts ejected from the plasma due to edge localized modes (ELMs) can form a severe threat for in-vessel components but can be mitigated by sufficiently frequent triggering of the underlying instabilities using hydrogen isotope pellet injection. However, pellet injection systems developed mainly for the task of ELM control, keeping the unwanted pellet fueling minimized, are still missing.

Egocentric mental rotation in Hungarian dyslexic children.

A mental rotation task was given to 27 dyslexic children (mean age 9 years, 2 months) and to 28 non-dyslexic children (mean age 8 years, 8 months). Pictures of right and left hands were shown at angles of 0, 50, 90 and 180 degrees, and the subjects were required to indicate whether what was shown was a right hand or a left hand. It was found that, in this task, the dyslexics did not show the normal pattern of response times at different angles, and also, that they made more errors than the controls.

Sex differences on the hand mental rotation task for 9-yr.-old children and young adults.

The Hand Mental Rotation task is assumed to activate an egocentric spatial reference frame to realize mental rotation. This study presents significant sex differences in hand mental rotation performances between men and women (n = 23 and 25, respectively; age: 20.7 yr.

CA15.3, MCA, CAM26, CAM29 are members of a polymorphic family of mucin-like glycoproteins.

The monoclonal antibodies that define the tumor markers CA15.3, MCA, CAM26 and CAM29 were found to react with coexisting epitopes present on mucin-like glycoproteins. Despite their immunologic relationship, the markers showed distinct concentration levels in various body fluids.

Early indicators of response to accidental radiation exposure and the relevance for clinical management strategies.

In the development of clinical strategies to manage radiation accident casualties, the medical doctor in charge should be encouraged to use a "decision tree" to establish by a "sequential diagnosis procedure". This should be done within the first few days after exposure to determine whether or not a spontaneous recovery of hemopoietic function can be expected. With the assistance of a computer simulation model it appears possible to relate certain granulocyte response patterns to the extend and quality of damage caused in the hematopoietic stem cell pool.

[The effect of 5-fluorouracil on the radiosensitivity of granulocytopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and the blood].

The radiation tolerance of haematopoietic stem-cells, originating from blood and bone marrow, after exposure to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was investigated. The CFU-C Colony Formation Test was used to determine the surviving fraction of cryopreserved mononuclear bone marrow and blood cells, after incubation in culture medium containing 1 ng/ml 5-FU for 24 hours. With the same assay system we determined the radiation tolerance of peripheral CFU-C from three patients before and after 5-FU radio-chemotherapy (1000 mg/m2/24 h per day for four days), while the influence of the small radiotherapeutic treatment volume was neglected.

Prediction of clinical outcome of radiation accident victims.

On the basis of the analysis of more than 350 individuals that were exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of more than 25 radiation accidents reported world wide since 1945, a biomathematical computer model was developed that simulates the pattern of granulocyte changes seen. It allows one to calculate the number of stem cells remaining intact to initiate recovery. It is shown that the major question to be asked is whether a spontaneous stem cell recovery can be expected or not.

[Simultaneous radiation- and chemotherapy (methotrexate and bleomycin) of inoperable malignant oro-facial tumors].

The overall response rate is 65% with 17% CR (medium 56 months) and 49% PR (medium 5 months). The Kaplan-Meier survival plot shows no difference between the previously treated and untreated groups, whereas the kappa 2-analysis indicates a significant advantage for patient with complete response in the previously untreated group (p less than 0.03).

[Reversible and irreversible damage to hematopoiesis following unexpected whole body irradiation: markers in peripheral blood].

During the past decade worldwide experience concerning radiation accidents demonstrated that the medical diagnosis and therapy of radiation victims has to be reconsidered. This paper describes and analyzes the clinical relevance of one of the most simple diagnostic methods, namely daily monitoring of the characteristic blood cell changes. On the basis of these methods the physician is in the position to decide at an early stage-independently of the physical dose-whether reversible or irreversible damage of the hemopoiesis is present.

[Dose, radiation effect and initial symptoms following unexpected whole body irradiation: an analysis of 19 accidents].

The radiation induced effects on the haemopoietic system and the human body after acute unexpected whole body irradiation are manifold. Therefore it is meaningful to incorporate the scientific foundations of radiation effects in the available knowledge about the consequences of radiation exposure. From this aspect the present paper evaluates 19 acute radiation accidents which were published between 1945 and 1986 in the scientific literature involving about 597 individuals.

MCA, a monoclonal-antibody-defined breast-tumor-associated antigen and its relation to CA 15.3.

A mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen (MCA) was recently identified on the surface of established breast cancer cell lines by several monoclonal antibodies. The antibody b-12 was used in a sandwich enzyme immunoassay to measure MCA concentrations in serum samples and other biological fluids. The upper limit for noncancerous women and men was 14 U/ml.

Small bowel function after surgery for chronic radiation enteritis.

The retention of the gamma-emitting 75Se-homotaurocholic acid (SeHCAT) after 72 and 168 h was assessed in 10 patients after ileal resection for radiation injury (group I). 6 patients suffering from chronic postirradiation diarrhea (group II) and 6 patients in whom the ileum had been resected for other indications (group III) were also examined. The retention of SeHCAT was abnormally low (less than 50%) in all cases after 72 h and below 20% in 19 out of 21 cases after 168 h.

Follow-up of metastatic breast cancer patients with a mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen: comparison to CA 15.3 and carcinoembryonic antigen.

During a follow-up program, breast cancer patients were monitored with serum analyses of mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen (MCA), CA 15.3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Minimum as well as maximum marker values of the individual patterns were selected for further evaluation.