Monocyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes Bearing π-Accepting Cyanide Ligands: Syntheses, Structural, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Investigations.

The synthesis, structural, photophysical, and electrochemical investigations of a series of gold(III) monocyclometalated complexes bearing ancillary ligands with π-accepting properties is reported. Complexes of the type [(C(∧)N)Au(C≡N)2] [C(∧)N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) (1), 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine (tpy) (2), 2-(2-thienyl)-pyridine (thpy) (3), 2-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)pyridine (5m-thpy) (4), 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq) (5)], and [(N(∧)N)Au(C≡N)2] [N(∧)N = 3,5-bis(phenyl)-2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrrole (pyrpy) (6)] were prepared, and the influence of both the cyanide as an ancillary ligand as well as the different electronic properties of the cyclometalating ligands (1-5) and the chelating bidentate (6) on the triplet emission properties were studied. The physicochemical properties were evaluated by a variety of physical methods, and the structure of selected complexes was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies.

Monocyclometalated gold(III) monoaryl complexes--a new class of triplet phosphors with highly tunable and efficient emission properties.

Highly tunable and rich phosphorescent emission properties based on the stable monocyclometalated gold(III) monoaryl structural motif are reported. Monochloro complexes of the type cis-[(N^C)Au(C6 H2 (CF3)3)(Cl)] N^C=2-phenylpyridine (ppy)] (1), [N^C=benzo[h]quinoline (bzq)] (2), [N^C=2-(5-Methyl-2-thienyl)pyridine (5m-thpy)] (3) were successfully prepared in modest to good yields by reacting an excess of 2, 4, 6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl lithium (LiFmes) with the corresponding dichloride complexes cis-[(N^C)AuCl2]. Subsequent replacement of the chloride ligand in 1 with strong ligand field strength such as cyanide and terminal alkynes resulted in complexes of the type cis-[(ppy)Au(Fmes)(R)] R=CN (4), I (5), C≡C-C6 H5 (6) and C≡C-C6 H4 N(C6 H5)-p (7).

Relationship between hippocampal structure and memory function in elderly humans.

With progressing age, the ability to recollect personal events declines, whereas familiarity-based memory remains relatively intact. It has been hypothesized that age-related hippocampal atrophy may contribute to this pattern because of its critical role for recollection in younger humans and after acute injury. Here, we show that hippocampal volume loss in healthy older persons correlates with gray matter loss (estimated with voxel-based morphometry) of the entire limbic system and shows no correlation with an electrophysiological (event-related potential [ERP]) index of recollection.

Hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy is correlated with limbic systems atrophy.

Hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often associated with hippocampal atrophy. This study assessed whether such atrophy is correlated with loss of gray matter volume in other brain regions. In 16 patients with TLE and clear magnetic resonance imaging-based evidence of hippocampal sclerosis, hippocampal volumes were determined manually and the local gray matter (LGM) amount was estimated throughout the entire brain using voxel-based morphometry.

Quantitative MR analyses of the hippocampus: unspecific metabolic changes in aging.

The age-related structural changes of the human hippocampus are not entirely understood. The goal of the present investigation was to understand better the nature of age-related hippocampal changes by a comparative MR-analysis of four complementary aspects of hippocampal integrity: total volume, metabolite concentration, neuron to glial cell ratio and amount of extracellular diffusion space for water. To that end, we applied MR-based methods of manual and computerized (voxel-based morphometry) volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging and 1H MR spectroscopy to characterize specific age-related hippocampal effects in a group of 22 healthy old adults in comparison with a group of 13 healthy younger adults.

Persistent severe amnesia due to seizure recurrence after unilateral temporal lobectomy.

Anterograde amnesia is a severely disabling state which has been reported as a consequence of bilateral mesiotemporal lesions in humans. In the present paper, recurrent epileptic seizures after temporal lobectomy are described as a rare cause of severe amnesia in two patients. Diffusion-weighted MRI in one patient showed cytotoxic edema during a nonconvulsive status epilepticus and subsequent progressive hippocampal atrophy within the following month.

Measures of hippocampal volumes, diffusion and 1H MRS metabolic abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy provide partially complementary information.

We assessed whether interictal measures of hippocampal volume, hippocampal diffusion and metabolic abnormalities yield correlated or complementary information about hippocampal pathology in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Volumes, apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and ratios of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) to Creatine/Phosphocreatine (Cr) and Choline (Cho) were measured from each hippocampus during one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session in patients with TLE. Structural MRI showed unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in 13 patients and was normal in the remaining nine patients.

[Expression of HER2 in breast cancer].

In breast cancer the membrane expression of HER2 receptor protein encoded by the HER2 proto-oncogene seems to have an ever growing clinical significance. In tissue cultures and animal experiments it was shown that the HER2 gene amplification induces malignant transformation and intensifies the aggressiveness of the tumour cells. Correlating with the so called pheno-and genotypic prognostic markers, the overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer predicts also poor prognosis and indicates enhanced potential for metastatisation.

Differences in brain potentials to open and closed class words: class and frequency effects.

Closed class (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions etc. ) and open class (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) words have different linguistic functions and have been proposed to be processed by different neural systems. Here, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in young German-speaking subjects while they read closed class and open class words flashed upon a video-screen.

Human brain potentials to reading syntactic errors in sentences of different complexity.

In order to determine if an event-related brain potential (ERP) effect described for syntactic violations (P600/SPS) varies with the amount of reprocessing entailed by a violation, number incongruencies were presented either within simple declarative or within subordinate clauses. ERPs were recorded while 12 German subjects read the stimulus materials presented word by word on a video monitor. The ERPs showed a P600/SPS effect for all sentence types, which was smallest in amplitude and earliest in latency for simple declarative sentences.

[Use of erythropoietin in pregnancy: review of the literature in connection with 2 cases].

Recently a growing number of case reports has been published about successful pregnancy outcome of dialysed women on recombinant human erythropoietin therapy. During pregnancy the maternal demand for erythropoietin may undergo changes, with consideration of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy in the early stage of renal insufficiency, as is shown by our two reported cases. The use of recombinant human erythropoietin seems to be safe for the foetus: it does not cross the placental barrier, and therefore lacks any direct foetal effect.