Regulated lipid synthesis and LEM2/CHMP7 jointly control nuclear envelope closure.

The nuclear permeability barrier depends on closure of nuclear envelope (NE) holes. Here, we investigate closure of the NE opening surrounding the meiotic spindle in C. elegans oocytes.

Administration of Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug Evofosfamide after Conventional Adjuvant Therapy Enhances Therapeutic Outcome and Targets Cancer-Initiating Cells in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer.

Cancer-initiating cells (C-IC) have been described in multiple cancer types, including colorectal cancer. C-ICs are defined by their capacity to self-renew, thereby driving tumor growth. C-ICs were initially thought to be static entities; however, recent studies have determined these cells to be dynamic and influenced by microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia.

Gastric foveolar dysplasia: a survey of reporting habits and diagnostic criteria.

This study aimed to ascertain views, incidence of reporting and diagnostic criteria for gastric foveolar dysplasia. A questionnaire, a post-questionnaire discussion and microscopic assessment of selected cases was conducted by gastrointestinal pathologists to explore the above-stated aims. Fifty-four percent of respondents never or rarely diagnosed gastric foveolar-type dysplasia.

Regression grading in neoadjuvant treated pancreatic cancer: an interobserver study.

Aim: Several regression grading systems have been proposed for neoadjuvant chemoradiation-treated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to examine the utility, reproducibility and level of concordance of three most frequently used grading systems.

Methods: Four gastrointestinal pathologists used the College of American Pathologists (CAP), Evans, MD Anderson Cancer Centre (MDA) regression grading systems to grade 14 selected cases (7-20 slides from each case) of neoadjuvant chemoradiation-treated PDAC.

The Celiac Disease and Diabetes-Dietary Intervention and Evaluation Trial (CD-DIET) protocol: a randomised controlled study to evaluate treatment of asymptomatic coeliac disease in type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition characterised by gluten-induced intestinal inflammation, and observed at a 5-10 fold greater prevalence in type 1 diabetes. While universal screening for CD in patients with diabetes is frequently advocated, objective data is limited as to benefits on diabetes control, bone health or quality of life related to the adoption of a gluten-free diet (GFD) in the large proportion of patients with diabetes with asymptomatic CD. The Celiac Disease and Diabetes-Dietary Intervention and Evaluation Trial (CD-DIET) study is a multicenter, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a GFD in patients with type 1 diabetes with asymptomatic CD.

Self-renewal as a therapeutic target in human colorectal cancer.

Tumor recurrence following treatment remains a major clinical challenge. Evidence from xenograft models and human trials indicates selective enrichment of cancer-initiating cells (CICs) in tumors that survive therapy. Together with recent reports showing that CIC gene signatures influence patient survival, these studies predict that targeting self-renewal, the key 'stemness' property unique to CICs, may represent a new paradigm in cancer therapy.

Gastric biopsies: the gap between evidence-based medicine and daily practice in the management of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background: Many consider histology to be the gold standard for Helicobacter pylori detection. Because the number and distribution of H pylori organisms vary, particularly in patients taking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), the American Gastroenterological Association recommends discontinuing PPIs two weeks before endoscopy, and taking biopsies from both the body and antrum.

Objective: To assess the influence of clinical practice on the histopathological detection of H pylori infection.

Inhibin-expressing clear cell neuroendocrine tumor of the ampulla: an unusual presentation of von Hippel-Lindau disease.

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder associated with deletions or mutations in the VHL tumor suppressor gene. Characteristically, up to 60 % of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) associated with VHL disease display a spectrum of clear cell morphology including multivacuolated lipid-rich cell change. Unlike neurofibromatosis type 1 and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndromes, ampullary NETs have not been described in association with VHL disease.

International study group on rectal cancer regression grading: interobserver variability with commonly used regression grading systems.

The aim of this study was to ascertain the level of concordance among gastrointestinal pathologists for regression grading in rectal cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Seventeen gastrointestinal pathologists participated using the Mandard, Dworak, and modified rectal cancer regression grading systems to grade 10 representative slides that were selected from 10 cases of rectal cancer treated with long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiation. The slides were scanned with a whole-slide scanner generating dynamic digitized images.

Characterization of the flavonoid-responsive regulator FrrA and its binding sites.

Previous microarray analyses revealed that in Bradyrhizobium japonicum, about 100 genes are induced by genistein, an isoflavonoid secreted by soybean. This includes the three genes freC, freA, and freB (systematic designations bll4319, bll4320, and bll4321), which are likely to form a genistein-, daidzein-, and coumestrol-inducible operon and to encode a multidrug efflux system. Upstream of freCAB and in the opposite orientation, FrrA (systematic designation Blr4322), which has similarity to TetR-type regulators, is encoded.

A multi-centre pathologist survey on pathological processing and regression grading of colorectal cancer resection specimens treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

To ascertain the approach and degree of consensus of pathologists in the handling and regression grading of colorectal cancer resection specimens treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation, a ten-part questionnaire was circulated to 18 gastrointestinal pathologists in eight countries. The questions were specific and addressed pertinent issues related to colorectal cancer with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. There is a lack of consensus on how to handle the specimen, number of sections taken, correlation with pre- and post-operative radiological imaging, and especially, regression grading schema employed.

Enzymatic Esterification of Glycerol and Stearic Acid in Non-conventional Media.

Ionic liquids as trihexyl-tetradecyl-phophonium-dicyanamide (Cyphos 105) and cocosalkyl-pentaethoxi-methyl-ammonium-methosulfate (Ammoeng 100) were applied for the esterification of stearic acid and glycerol using Candida antarctica lipase (Novozyme 435). When only ILs were applied as solvents at 1:15 initial substrate molar ratio the conversion was 76 and 78 % in the case of two kinds of ILs, respectively. Mixed the ILs and supercritical CO2 the conversion reached 79 and 86 %.

Excellent outcome after prolonged status epilepticus due to non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.

Limbic encephalitis (LE) is frequently associated with malignancy. Non-paraneoplastic LE is less common and in this form, voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) antibodies are usually found. However in 2007 the spectrum was further extended by a report on four patients with presumed non-paraneoplastic LE in whom neither VGKC-antibodies nor other antibodies could be found (Samarasekera et al.

An ureteric polyp removed by ureteroscopy.

A case of benign ureteric polyp resected in one piece endoscopically is reported. The authors emphasize the role of ureteroscopy in the differential diagnosis of ureteric tumours. Unnecessary nephroureterectomies or open explorations can be avoided by the use of this procedure.

Perineal prostatic cancer seeding following Urocut needle biopsy.

A case of perineal tumour seeding after needle core biopsy of prostatic cancer is presented. This rare complication of prostatic needle biopsy occurred following false-negative tissue sampling in a patient subsequently treated by irradiation therapy and total androgenic blockade.

[von Hippel-Lindau hereditary tumor syndrome. Mutational analysis may improve prognosis].

The von Hippel-Lindau disease is a familial tumour syndrome characterised by greatly increased risks of developing central nervous haemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, retinal angioma and pheochromocytoma. Carriers have inherited a mutated tumour suppressor gene located at chromosome 3p25-26. The VHL gene has recently been cloned, three exons identified and the DNA sequence determined.

Spontaneous rupture of an L-shaped kidney.

A case of spontaneous renal rupture caused by obstruction due to a ureteral stone in the L-shaped kidney of a young obese, diabetic man is reported. The role of CT beside excretory urography and ultrasound is emphasized in the diagnosis of crossed renal ectopia, and the transabdominal approach is recommended to resolve its complications needing operative management.

[Cystectomy in the management of bladder cancer].

In the course of 20 years 83 patients with tumor of the bladder were treated by cystectomy. The infiltrations of the tumors were 14 pT1, 12 pT2, 44 pT3 and 13 pT4. There were metastatic regional lymph nodes in 11 cases (13%).

Spontaneous rupture of the kidney: a report on 5 cases.

Five cases of spontaneous rupture of the renal parenchyma are reported. Two patients had renal cell cancer, one sustained acute purulent pyelonephritis secondary to stone related ureteral obstruction, one suffered from aposthematous pyelonephritis without obstruction, while one had chronic pyelonephritis and a cortical cyst as probable predisposing factors. Aetiology and important points concerning diagnosis and therapy are discussed.

Splenic injury: a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Splenic injury in the course of percutaneous nephrolithotomy is extremely rare. We report on a splenic perforation and subcapsular haematoma of a female patient who was treated for staghorn stone in the left kidney by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The splenic injury without external bleeding was diagnosed by ultrasonography and computed tomography.