Heat-aggregated immunoglobulins increase in vivo immunogenicity of mouse hapten (TNP)-derivatized macrophages by upregulation of interleukin-12 secretion and expression of B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules.

Antigen-antibody complexes (IC) can up or down regulate immune responses by induction of immunoregulatory cells. We have studied the effect of mouse heat-aggregated immunoglobulin (Ig) (HA) which have many biological activities similar to IC on immunogenicity of TNP-substituted macrophages (TNP-Mphi). Our results show that: (1) mouse oil-induced peritoneal macrophages treated with HA produce in vitro significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and particularly IL-12 and express more B7-1 and B7-2 and ICAM-1 cell surface costimulatory molecules than Mphi treated with monomeric Ig (MM); (2) Mphi derivatized with TNP, treated or not with MM, induce in vivo antigen-specific unresponsiveness.

Soluble T cell receptors modulate cytokine production and oxygen metabolism by peritoneal macrophages.

Preincubation of peritoneal macrophages and their subsequent culture with recombinant soluble T cell receptor (sTCR) results in significant increase of: TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 production and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and this phenomenon was dose dependent. Moreover, treatment of macrophages with sTCR showed two to three fold increase of luminol dependent chemiluminescence (LCL) when compared to untreated macrophages (Mf). In contrast, in our study we did not find any influence of sTCR on co-stimulatory (B7.

IL-12 is produced by antigen-presenting cells stimulated with soluble alphabeta TCR and restores impaired T(h)1 responses.

Contact sensitivity (CS) is a cutaneous T(h)1 response that is induced by skin painting with reactive hapten. In prior in vivo studies of CS, we showed that recombinant soluble alphabetaTCR (sTCR) acted non-specifically to protect CS-effector T cells from suppression, but no molecular mechanism was determined. In the current study, we employed an in vitro system to investigate the mechanism of how sTCR protect CS-effector T cells from suppression.

[Regulation of the contact sensitivity reaction by suppression of T gamma delta lymphocytes].

Contact sensitivity (CS) is a classical example of in vivo T cell mediated immune response that is under regulation. It is well known that in normal mice suppression of CS can be mediated by T alpha beta cells tolerized by prior exposure to high dose of antigen (Ag). In this paper it was shown that treatment of defective TCR alpha -/- or TCR beta -/- mice with high dose of Ag may result in induction of T gamma delta suppressor cells, that are able to inhibit both adoptive cell transfer of CS in vivo and IFN-gamma production in vitro.

Role of interleukin-4 in down-regulation of contact sensitivity by gammadelta T cells from tolerized T-cell receptor alpha-/- mice.

Contact sensitivity (CS) is a classical example of an in vivo T-cell-mediated immune response that is under regulation. Such down-regulation can be mediated by alphabeta T cells in mice that are tolerized by prior exposure to high doses of antigen. In contrast, we demonstrated previously that such high-dose antigen tolerance in T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha-/- H-2d mice induced antigen-specific, apparently major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted, CD4- CD8- gammadelta T cells, that also could down-regulate CS responses antigen-specifically in vivo, and also inhibited in vitro production of IFN-gamma.

[Defense mechanisms in the peritoneum].

There are many specialised defence mechanisms connected with immunity of peritoneal cavity. These are absorbtion of bacteria and their toxins from peritoneum, phagocytosis, opsonization, activation of the complement and separation of infection in the peritoneal cavity. A very important role in defence mechanisms of peritoneal cavity play GALT and PALT.

Synthesis of nucleoside 3'-thiophosphates in one step procedure.

A mild and efficient one-step method of thiophosphorylation was devised for acid-sensitive nucleosides. The procedure is based on thiophosphorylation of nucleoside magnesium alkoxide by 2-chloro-2-thio-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane. The utility and efficiency of this method combined with deprotection of the resulting cyclic triester were demonstrated by its application to the synthesis of both adenosine 3'- and 5'-thiophosphates.

[Immunogerontology--aging of the immune system and its cause].

Ageing is characterized by declining ability of the individual to adapt to environmental stress. By most parameters tested either in the laboratory or in vivo, immune function is decreased in elderly compared with young individuals. First age-associated changes in the immune system appear at the time of sexual maturity and result in the thymus atrophy.

Cross-talk between gammadelta T lymphocytes and immune cells in humoral response.

The role of gamma delta T cells in immunoregulation is largely unknown. In the current study we noted that gamma delta T cells play a positive role in the humoral response. These positively acting gamma delta T cells are required for the successful adoptive cell transfer of the humoral response, as well as for in vitro generation of plaque-forming cells (PFC).

Positive regulatory gamma delta T cells in contact sensitivity: augmented responses by in vivo treatment with anti-gamma delta monoclonal antibody, or anti-V gamma 5 or V delta 4.

Contact sensitivity (CS) responses, induced by skin painting with reactive haptens like picryl chloride or oxazolone, are classical examples of in vivo immunity mediated by alpha beta T cells. Our previous studies showed that gamma delta T cells were required to assist the alpha beta CS-effector T cells in the successful adoptive cell transfer of CS responses. These spleen and lymph node-derived gamma delta+ CS-assisting regulatory cells were CD3+, CD4-CD8+, non-antigen-specific, and non-MHC-restricted, and preferentially expressed V gamma 5 and V delta 4 variable regions.

IL-12 reverses established antigen-specific tolerance of contact sensitivity by affecting costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86).

Cutaneous painting with reactive haptens induces contact sensitivity (CS) responses that are in vivo examples of T cell immunity. In contrast, high dose i.v.

Different patterns of gamma delta and alpha beta T cell redistribution in the mouse after partial gastrectomy.

Background: Stress, including surgical trauma, results in different dysfunctions of the body. In our former experiments on posttraumatic modification of immune response of gastrectomized mice we observed a significant suppression of contact sensitivity. This could be transferred by lymph nodes and spleen T lymphocytes of mice which underwent surgery.

Gamma/delta T cells from tolerized alpha/beta-TCR-deficient mice antigen specifically inhibit contact sensitivity in vivo and IFN-gamma production in vitro.

Contact sensitivity (CS) responses to reactive hapten antigens (Ag), such as picryl chloride, are classical examples of T-cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. There is also abundant evidence that T cells exposed in vivo to high intravenous doses of Ag can downregulate CS (high-dose Ag tolerance). To clarify cell types that effect CS and mediate its downregulation, we have studied CS in mice congenitally deficient in alpha/beta T cells (alpha-/- mice).

[Colitis in laboratory experimentation].

Immunological concept of pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) is presently most common but it's specific etiology is still unknown. Spontaneous manifestations of these disease in animal are very rare and ad adequate laboratory animal model is needed for research. In this review different animal models of colitis are present in chronological order, displaying the search for the highest similarity to the clinical colitis.

Gamma delta T cells from tolerized alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR)-deficient mice inhibit contact sensitivity-effector T cells in vivo, and their interferon-gamma production in vitro.

Contact sensitivity (CS) responses to reactive hapten Ag, such as picryl chloride (PCl) or oxazolone (OX), are classical examples of T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo that are clearly subject to multifaceted regulation. There is abundant evidence that downregulation of CS may be mediated by T cells exposed to high doses of Ag. This is termed high dose Ag tolerance.

Immune or normal gamma delta T cells that assist alpha beta T cells in elicitation of contact sensitivity preferentially use V gamma 5 and V delta 4 variable region gene segments.

In the current study, we confirmed previous findings suggesting that gamma delta T cells were involved in the successful adoptive cell transfer of contact sensitivity (CS) by alpha beta CS-effector T cells. In this study, we used hamster anti-mouse gamma delta-TCR mAb treatment of CS-effector T cells, followed by enrichment and removal of the gamma delta T cells with goat anti-hamster Ig-linked magnetic beads, or by addition of hemolytic rabbit C. This removal of gamma delta T cells abrogated adoptive cell transfers of CS, despite the presence of alpha beta T cells that are known to mediate CS.

[Pneumocystis pneumonia in light of personal observations].

During a period of 10 months, 87 children with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia accompanied transient cellular immunity disorders and with normal humoral immunity were observed. It is suggested that change the invasiveness of the parasite has changed. The necessity of taking into consideration a pneumocystis etiology in diagnosis of respiratory tract diseases among children is pointed out.

[Curling's ulcer in a 9-month-old infant].

Burns are the most frequent severe trauma in childhood. Curling's ulcer is a complication of burn shock which occurs in the gastrointestinal tract in burned children. Prognosis in Curling's ulcer is always serious.

Assessment and selection considerations: ESRD patient and family education materials and media.

Education has long been an integral component of the care of end-stage renal disease patients and their families. The health care environment of the 1990s led to increase in the numbers and acuity of patients and a decrease in professional staff and reimbursement. A basic understanding of the patient education process, assessment of educational materials, adult learning principles, and empowerment is essential for the health care professional responsible for assessing and selecting patient education materials and media.

Gamma delta T cells in normal spleen assist immunized alpha beta T cells in the adoptive cell transfer of contact sensitivity. Effect of Bordetella pertussis, cyclophosphamide, and antibodies to determinants on suppressor cells.

Our prior studies showed that gamma delta T cells were required to assist alpha beta T cells in the successful adoptive cell transfer of contact sensitivity (CS) responsiveness. These TCR-gamma delta+ regulatory T cells in immune spleen and lymph node were CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, nonantigen-specific, and non-MHC-restricted. In the current work, experiments were conducted to determine the mechanisms of how the gamma delta T cells were required to assist the alpha beta T cells in CS.

Different isoenzyme patterns of nonspecific esterases and the level of IL6 production as markers of macrophage functions.

We examined the isoenzyme patterns of alpha and beta naphtyl acetate esterase and the IL6 production of two macrophage cell lines, which were cloned from a single fusion of macrophage tumor cells and spleen adherent cells. These clones were phenotypically indistinguishable but differ functionally as line 59 presents antigen to Th 1 lymphocytes while line 63 induces suppressor T lymphocytes. Cell extracts of these lines exhibit different isoenzyme patterns of alpha and beta naphtyl acetate esterase at both pH 7.