Transforming pharmacology education: Insights from the pharmacology education project in the era of digital learning.

The IUPHAR Education Section's Pharmacology Education Project (PEP; www.pharmacologyeducation.org) provides an open-access, peer-reviewed platform to support pharmacology education globally.

A Working Framework to Address Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Undergraduate Medical Education.

Health disparities exist among groups that are based on race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and geography. Often, interventions directed at addressing these disparities are episodically incorporated into health professions education as opposed to a more uniform integration throughout a curriculum. Thus, a working framework for integrating and assessing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) specifically into foundational science teaching in health professions' education is needed.

Genotoxicity in the absence of inflammation after tungsten inhalation in mice.

Tungsten is used in several applications and human exposure may occur. To assess its pulmonary toxicity, we exposed male mice to nose-only inhalation of tungsten particles at 9, 23 or 132 mg/m (Low, Mid and High exposure) (45 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks). Increased genotoxicity (assessed by comet assay) was seen in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid cells at Low and High exposure.

Pulmonary toxicity of molybdenum disulphide after inhalation in mice.

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS) is a constituent of many products. To protect humans, it is important to know at what air concentrations it becomes toxic. For this, we tested MoS particles by nose-only inhalation in mice.

Unchanged pulmonary toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles formulated in a liquid matrix for glass coating.

The inclusion of nanoparticles can increase the quality of certain products. One application is the inclusion of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in a glass coating matrix to produce a UV-absorbing coating for glass sheets. Yet, the question is whether the inclusion of ZnO in the matrix induces toxicity at low exposure levels.

Comparison of biodistribution of cerium oxide nanoparticles after repeated oral administration by gavage or snack in Sprague Dawley rats.

The rate of translocation of ingested nanoparticles (NPs) and how the uptake is affected by a food matrix are key aspects of health risk assessment. In this study, female Sprague Dawley rats (N = 4/group) received 0, 1.4, or 13 mg of cerium oxide (CeO NM-212) NPs/rat/day by gavage or in a chocolate spread snack 5 days/week for 1 or 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks of recovery.

Influence of Asymmetric Rolling Process on the Microstructure Properties of Bimetallic Sheet Metals.

This paper presents the results of research on the determination of the influence of kinetic asymmetry of work rolls on structural changes in hot-rolled bimetallic sheet metals. The tests were conducted on bimetallic samples composed of materials 10CrMo9-10 + X2CrNiMo17-12-2. The scope of the research included a comparative analysis for two cooling variants: I in water (freezing the structure immediately after rolling) and II for cooling in air.

The Flipped Classroom and Simulation: a Primer for Simulation Educators.

The flipped classroom has become part of the lexicon in discussion of pedagogies in healthcare education. When reviewing the simulation literature, however, the term is only recently being mentioned. We determined there was a need for this article based on workshops held at the annual International Meeting for Simulation in Healthcare (IMSH), which were facilitated by the authors.

The importance of collaboratively designing pharmacology education programs.

A grounded knowledge of pharmacology is essential for healthcare providers to improve the quality of patients' lives, avoid medical errors, and circumvent potentially dangerous drug-drug interactions. One of the greatest tools to achieve this foundational knowledge of pharmacology is the dedicated pharmacology educators who teach in health sciences programs. Too often, the pharmacology educators responsible for teaching this material are left siloed at their own institutions with little room for dialog and collaboration.

Design of a foundational sciences curriculum: Applying the ICAP framework to pharmacology education in integrated medical curricula.

Expectations for physicians are rapidly changing, as is the environment in which they will practice. In response, preclerkship medical education curricula are adapting to meet these demands, often by reducing the time for foundational sciences. This descriptive study compares preclerkship pharmacology education curricular practices from seven allopathic medical schools across the United States.

Causes of stress and conflict in the veterinary professional workplace - a perspective from Poland.

Background: The problems of burnout and the moral and ethical distress resulting from various kinds of conflict have been raised in the veterinary profession. However, their sources and inter-relationships have not been thoroughly recognized mainly due to the multidimensional nature of human interactions related to animal breeding, farming, welfare, prophylaxis and therapy. For the first time in Poland, an analysis of conflict and conflict-causing factors in veterinary practice has been conducted with the participation of veterinarians of various specialties and the owners of different animal species.

Organomodified nanoclays induce less inflammation, acute phase response, and genotoxicity than pristine nanoclays in mice lungs.

Surface modification by different quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) makes nanoclays more compatible with various polymeric matrices, thereby expanding their potential applications. The growing industrial use of nanoclays could potentially pose a health risk for workers. Here, we assessed how surface modification of nanoclays modulates their pulmonary toxicity.

A Quantitative and Narrative Evaluation of Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.

Goodman and Gilman's (PBT) has been a cornerstone in the education of pharmacists, physicians, and pharmacologists for decades. The objectives of this study were to describe and evaluate the 13 edition of PBT on bases including: (1) author characteristics; (2) recency of citations; (3) conflict of interest (CoI) disclosure; (4) expert evaluation of chapters. Contributors' (N = 115) sex, professional degrees, and presence of undisclosed potential CoI-as reported by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid's Open Payments (2013-2017)-were examined.

Retrospective Liver Histomorphological Analysis in Dogs in Instances of Clinical Suspicion of Congenital Portosystemic Shunt.

Introduction: The clinical symptoms of portosystemic shunts (PSSs) and hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD) - portal vein hypoplasia (PVH) in dogs are similar. PSSs are abnormal vascular connections between the portal vein system and systemic veins. HMD is a very rare developmental vascular anomaly, recognisable during histopathological examination.

The IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project.

Online learning, an essential component of most traditional contact-based educational programs, must be of high quality to contribute effectively to learning. The availability of first-class web-based materials is particularly valued by both learners and educators in resource-poor nations. In this Practice article, we introduce the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Pharmacology Education Project (PEP) (https://www.

Lipogranulomas and pigment granulomas in livers of dogs with portosystemic shunt.

Lipogranulomas are lesions found in histopathological liver examination in humans and in various animal species, including dogs, especially those with portosystemic shunts. They consist of macrophages and other inflammatory cells, and sometimes they contain iron salts (pigment granuloma). This study aimed at determining the number of granulomas and cellular composition of lipogranulomas in dogs with the congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and to identify factors associated with their development.

Where are we with Polish pathology at the turn of the centuries in the light of the Congresses of the Polish Society of Pathologists?

The aim of this study is to depict the current and past research directions in Polish pathology at the turn of the centuries. The analysis was based on the abstracts of the congresses of the Polish Society of Pathologists organized in 1992-2016 and concerned 1,824 presentations. It has been proven that oncology (1,090 presentations, 59.

Physicochemical predictors of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-induced pulmonary histopathology and toxicity one year after pulmonary deposition of 11 different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in mice.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are widely used nanomaterials that cause pulmonary toxicity upon inhalation. The physicochemical properties of MWCNT vary greatly, which makes general safety evaluation challenging to conduct. Identification of the toxicity-inducing physicochemical properties of MWCNT is therefore of great importance.

Toxicity of pristine and paint-embedded TiO nanomaterials.

Little is known on the toxicity of nanomaterials in the user phase. Inclusion of nanomaterials in paints is a common nanotechnology application. This study focuses on the toxicity of dusts from sanding of paints containing nanomaterials.

Research Directions in European Veterinary Pathology in 2010-2016 based on the Congresses of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology and the European College of Veterinary Pathologists.

The objective of this paper is to depict the current research directions in veterinary pathology in Europe. The analysis was carried out based on the abstracts and agendas of the annual European Society of Veterinary Pathology (ESVP) congresses organised together with the European College of Veterinary Pathologists (ECVP) in 2010-2016. In total, 1444 presentations were evaluated, including 41 plenary lectures, 319 short oral presentations, and 1081 posters, and in 2016 also three science slams.

Gills as morphological biomarkers in extensive and intensive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) production technologies.

We investigated environmental impacts on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared at fish farms with either extensive technology, in a flow-through system (FTS, n = 3), or intensive technology, in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS, n = 3). All fish were fed the same rations. Fish were caught in spring and autumn (body mass, 501-750 g) from these six farms.

Impact of production technology on morphological lesions in the gills of commercial rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792).

The most popular rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) production technologies include both an extensive method with the flow through system (FTS) and an intensive method with the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Their impact on the fish was evaluated with a morphological assessment of the gills, as these are organs susceptible to environmental changes. Trout of 350 - 500 g body mass were caught for trial in spring and autumn, with 36 fish originating from 3 fish farms with the FTS system and an equal number from 3 RAS fish farms (n = 6).