The Ocular Microbiome: Micro-Steps Towards Macro-Shift in Targeted Treatment? A Comprehensive Review.

A healthy ocular surface is inhabited by microorganisms that constitute the ocular microbiome. The core of the ocular microbiome is still a subject of debate. Numerous culture-dependent and gene sequencing studies have revealed the composition of the ocular microbiome.

Good vision without peripheries: behavioral and fMRI evidence.

In healthy vision, bright slow-motion stimuli are processed primarily by the regions of the visual system that receive input from the central part of the scene, whereas processing of dark fast-motion stimuli is more dependent on peripheral visual input. We tested 31 retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients with long-term loss of peripheral photoreceptors and healthy controls with temporarily limited peripheral vision. We measured motion-based acuity using random-dot kinematograms, establishing individual thresholds for differentiating a circle from an ellipse.

Night-time blood pressure dipping, but not 24-h blood pressure level, is linked to increased 24-h ocular volume slope.

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between blood pressure and intraocular pressure in treatmentnaive, non-glaucoma patients with different blood pressure statuses, focusing on the 24-h ocular volume and nocturnal blood pressure decline.

Methods: Treatment-naive, non-glaucoma patients undergoing hypertension evaluation were enrolled as study participants. Simultaneous 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement and 24-h ocular volume recording with a contact lens sensor.

Safety of an Intracameral Fixed Combination for Mydriasis and Intraocular Anaesthesia During Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To compare the safety of a standardized, commercially available intracameral combination of mydriatics and anesthetic (ICMA) with a reference topical mydriatic regimen for cataract surgery.

Patients And Methods: The safety results from two international, randomized, controlled clinical studies were combined to compare ICMA at the beginning of cataract surgery (ICMA group) to the reference topical mydriatic regimen (reference group). Data were collected on ocular and systemic adverse events, corneal and anterior chamber examination, endothelial cell density, retinal thickness and visual acuity.

Post-Keratoplasty Microbial Keratitis in the Era of Lamellar Transplants-A Comprehensive Review.

Microbial keratitis in a post-transplant cornea should be considered a distinct entity from microbial keratitis in a non-transplant cornea. Firstly, the use of immunosuppressive treatments and sutures in corneal transplants changes the etiology of keratitis. Secondly, corneal transplant has an impact on corneal biomechanics and structure, which facilitates the spread of infection.

Erratum: Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes.

This corrects the article 10.3791/66272.

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Towards Uncovering the Role of Incomplete Penetrance in Maculopathies through Sequencing of 105 Disease-Associated Genes.

Inherited macular dystrophies (iMDs) are a group of genetic disorders, which affect the central region of the retina. To investigate the genetic basis of iMDs, we used single-molecule Molecular Inversion Probes to sequence 105 maculopathy-associated genes in 1352 patients diagnosed with iMDs. Within this cohort, 39.

Utilization of the Reinstein ICL Sizing Formula With Hand-held Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Measurements.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the Reinstein formula with hand-held ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) measurements for sizing of the Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL).

Methods: A total of 107 myopic eyes of 57 patients implanted with the ICL were included in the study. The size of the ICL was selected based on the manufacturer's recommendations.

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes.

The standard visual acuity measurements rely on stationary stimuli, either letters (Snellen charts), vertical lines (vernier acuity) or grating charts, processed by those regions of the visual system most sensitive to the stationary stimulation, receiving visual input from the central part of the visual field. Here, an acuity measurement is proposed based on discrimination of simple shapes, that are defined by motion of the dots in the random dot kinematograms (RDK) processed by visual regions sensitive to motion stimulation and receiving input also from the peripheral visual field. In the motion-acuity test, participants are asked to distinguish between a circle and an ellipse, with matching surfaces, built from RDKs, and separated from the background RDK either by coherence, direction, or velocity of dots.

Therapeutic benefit of idebenone in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: The LEROS nonrandomized controlled trial.

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disease leading to rapid and severe bilateral vision loss. Idebenone has been shown to be effective in stabilizing and restoring vision in patients treated within 1 year of onset of vision loss. The open-label, international, multicenter, natural history-controlled LEROS study (ClinicalTrials.

Is Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma a Vascular Disease? Assessment of the Relationship between Retinal Arteriolar Morphology and Glaucoma Severity Using Adaptive Optics.

Background: Retinal vascular abnormalities may be associated with glaucomatous damage. Adaptive optics (AO) is a new technology that enables the analysis of retinal vasculature at the cellular level in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate retinal arteriolar parameters using the rtx1 adaptive optics fundus camera (AO-FC) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) at different stages and to investigate the relationship between these parameters and changes in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and perimetry.

Dry eye syndrome symptoms in patients with psoriasis.

Background: Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatoses associated with a variety of comorbidities. There have been some reports on its possible association with ocular disorders however dry eye syndrome (DES) in such patients has been poorly investigated.

Objectives: To investigate the frequency of DES symptoms in psoriatic patients, also regarding psoriasis severity in PASI, manifestation and therapy.

Corneal ring infiltrate- far more than Acanthamoeba keratitis: review of pathophysiology, morphology, differential diagnosis and management.

Objective: Ring infiltrates usually accompany numerous infectious and sterile ocular disorders. Nevertheless, systemic conditions, drugs toxicity and contact lens wear may present with corneal ring infiltrate in substantial part. Considering its detrimental effect on vision, detailed knowledge on etiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and management should be considered essential for every ophthalmologist.

Clinical Application of Adaptive Optics Imaging in Diagnosis, Management, and Monitoring of Ophthalmological Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Visualization of the retinal structure is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of ophthalmic diseases, as well as for monitoring their course and treatment effects. Until recently, evaluation of the retina at the cellular level was only possible using histological methods, because the available retinal imaging technology had insufficient resolution due to aberrations caused by the optics of the eye. Adaptive optics (AO) technology improved the resolution of optical systems to 2 µm by correcting optical wave-front aberrations, thereby revolutionizing methods for studying eye structures in vivo.

Progression of Rare Inherited Retinal Dystrophies May Be Monitored by Adaptive Optics Imaging.

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are bilateral genetic conditions of the retina, leading to irreversible vision loss. This study included 55 eyes afflicted with IRDs affecting the macula. The diseases examined encompassed Stargardt disease (STGD), cone dystrophy (CD), and cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) using adaptive optics (Rtx1™; Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France).

Retinal Photoreceptors and Microvascular Changes in the Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy Progression: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study.

Background: With the increasing global incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic retinopathy (DR) has become one of the leading causes of blindness in developed countries. DR leads to changes in retinal neurons and microcirculation. Rtx1 (Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France) is a retinal camera that allows histological visualisations of cones and retinal microcirculation throughout the DM duration.

Characteristics of Rare Inherited Retinal Dystrophies in Adaptive Optics-A Study on 53 Eyes.

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are genetic disorders that lead to the bilateral degeneration of the retina, causing irreversible vision loss. These conditions often manifest during the first and second decades of life, and their primary symptoms can be non-specific. Diagnostic processes encompass assessments of best-corrected visual acuity, fundoscopy, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, electrophysiological tests, and genetic testing.

Successive Corneal Isolates Identified in Poland Monitored in Terms of In Vitro Dynamics.

Background: Amoebae of the genus cause a sight-threatening infection called keratitis. It is considered a rare disease in humans but poses an increasing threat to public health worldwide, including in Poland. We present successive isolates from serious keratitis preliminary examined in terms of the identification and monitoring of, among others, the in vitro dynamics of the detected strains.

Effect of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Eye Emergency Department, Increasing Prevalence of Uveitis and Optic Neuritis in the COVID-19 Era.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the reorganization of the health care system. A decline in health- and life-saving procedures has been reported in various medical specialties. However, data on ophthalmic emergencies during lockdowns is limited.

Pupil diameter during cataract surgery after intracameral injection of the first ready-to-use combination of mydriatics and anaesthetic at the beginning of surgery in patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm.

Purpose: We evaluated, in a real-life setting, the effect of Mydrane® (ready-to-use combination of tropicamide, phenylephrine hydrochloride and lidocaine, injected into the anterior chamber at the beginning of cataract surgery to induce mydriasis and intraocular anaesthesia) on the pupil diameter during cataract surgery in patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm after the use of topical mydriatics.

Methods: We collected and analysed the data of 59 consecutive patients whose pupils dilated to a diameter <6 mm after the administration of mydriatic eye drops during the preoperative visit and who received Mydrane® during cataract surgery.

Results: In the group of 59 patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm after topical mydriatics, cataract surgery was performed in 36 patients (61.

Clinical Performance of Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) Intraocular Lenses - A Retrospective Comparative Study of Mini Well Ready and Symfony.

Purpose: Extended depth of focus intraocular (EDOF) IOLs form a bridge between single- and multifocal IOL design. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes obtained after implanting two different optical designs of EDOF IOLs: the Mini Well Ready (SIFI Medtech, Catania, Italy) and Tecnis Symfony (Abbott Laboratories, Illinois, USA).

Methods: The retrospective observational study included 61 patients (122 eyes) who underwent bilateral implantation of the Mini Well Ready IOL (32 patients) or the Tecnis Symfony IOL (29 patients).

Novel therapies for diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels as well as microvascular and macrovascular changes. According to the latest statistics the growth of DM incidence is very fast. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) - one of the common DM complications - is the leading cause of blindness among professionally active people.

ASSOCIATED FACTORS AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF MICROCYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA AND CONE BOUQUET ABNORMALITIES IN EYES WITH EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE.

Purpose: To investigate the associated features and the surgical outcomes in eyes with microcystoid macular edema (MME) and cone bouquet abnormalities (CBA) undergoing epiretinal membrane peeling.

Methods: Retrospective study including patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Factors associated with MME and CBA at baseline and their regression were identified with logistic regression models.