Evolution and development of Drosophila melanogaster under different thermal conditions affected cell sizes and sensitivity to paralyzing hypoxia.

Environmental gradients cause evolutionary and developmental changes in the cellular composition of organisms, but the physiological consequences of these effects are not well understood. Here, we studied experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster that had evolved in one of three selective regimes: constant 16 °C, constant 25 °C, or intergenerational shifts between 16 °C and 25 °C. Genotypes from each population were reared at three developmental temperatures (16 °C, 20.

Updated National Study of Functional Graft Renal Cell Carcinomas: Are They a Different Entity?

Objective: To analyze de novo graft carcinoma characteristics from our updated national multicentric retrospective cohort.

Methods: Thirty-two transplant centers have retrospectively completed the database. This database concerns all kidney graft tumors including urothelial, and others type but excludes renal lymphomas over 31 years.

Impact of Hospital Volume on the Outcomes of Renal Trauma Management.

Background: Some health care systems have set up referral trauma centers to centralize expertise to improve trauma management. There is scant and controversial evidence regarding the impact of provider's volume on the outcomes of trauma management.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of hospital volume on the outcomes of renal trauma management in a European health care system.

Bumetanide lowers acute hydrocephalus in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can lead to acute hydrocephalus (AH). AH pathophysiology is classically attributed to an obstruction of the arachnoid granulations by blood. Recent findings in rodents suggest that after intraventricular hemorrhage, AH is related to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypersecretion by the choroid plexus (CP), as it can be reduced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of bumetanide.

Concerted evolution of body mass, cell size and metabolic rate among carabid beetles.

Alterations in cell number and size are apparently associated with the body mass differences between species and sexes, but we rarely know which of the two mechanisms underlies the observed variance in body mass. We used phylogenetically informed comparisons of males and females of 19 Carabidae beetle species to compare body mass, resting metabolic rate, and cell size in the ommatidia and Malpighian tubules. We found that the larger species or larger sex (males or females, depending on the species) consistently possessed larger cells in the two tissues, indicating organism-wide coordination of cell size changes in different tissues and the contribution of these changes to the origin of evolutionary and sex differences in body mass.

Residents and patients benefit from surgical simulation on a live porcine model, could we consider it as ethical?

Introduction: The objective was to evaluate, by self-questionnaire, the feeling of participants in surgical training sessions on a live porcine model.

Methods: A computerized questionnaire (GoogleForm ©) was sent to the members of the French Association of Urologists-in-Training (AFUF) (fellows and residents). Only questionnaires from Urologists-in-training who had participated in surgical training sessions were included.

Educational program in onco-urology for young urologists: What are their needs?

Purpose: The emergence of new communication media such as digital contents are progressively replacing more traditional medias in the field of educational programs. Our purpose was to assess urologist in training aspirations regarding urological education.

Methods: Members of a national urologist in training association were sent an anonymous online questionnaire regarding their medical formation in the field of urology.

Oxygen Dependence of Flight Performance in Ageing .

Similar to humans, insects lose their physical and physiological capacities with age, which makes them a convenient study system for human ageing. Although insects have an efficient oxygen-transport system, we know little about how their flight capacity changes with age and environmental oxygen conditions. We measured two types of locomotor performance in ageing flies: the frequency of wing beats and the capacity to climb vertical surfaces.

Factors Predictive of Selective Angioembolization Failure for Moderate- to High-grade Renal Trauma: A French Multi-institutional Study.

Background: Angiography with selective angioembolization (SAE) is safe and effective in addressing bleeding in patients with renal trauma. However, there are no validated criteria to predict SAE efficacy.

Objective: To evaluate factors predictive of SAE failure after moderate- to high-grade renal trauma.

[Renal cell carcinoma of the kidney transplant: The French guidelines from CTAFU].

Objective: To propose recommendations for the management of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) of the renal transplant.

Method: Following a systematic approach, a review of the literature (Medline) was conducted by the CTAFU to evaluate prevalence, diagnosis and management of RCC arousing in the renal transplant. References were assessed according to a predefined process to propose recommendations with levels of evidence.

Effects of thermal and oxygen conditions during development on cell size in the common rough woodlice .

During development, cells may adjust their size to balance between the tissue metabolic demand and the oxygen and resource supply: Small cells may effectively absorb oxygen and nutrients, but the relatively large area of the plasma membrane requires costly maintenance. Consequently, warm and hypoxic environments should favor ectotherms with small cells to meet increased metabolic demand by oxygen supply. To test these predictions, we compared cell size (hindgut epithelium, hepatopancreas B cells, ommatidia) in common rough woodlice () that were developed under four developmental conditions designated by two temperatures (15 or 22°C) and two air O concentrations (10% or 22%).

Thermal and oxygen conditions during development cause common rough woodlice (Porcellio scaber) to alter the size of their gas-exchange organs.

Terrestrial isopods have evolved pleopodal lungs that provide access to the rich aerial supply of oxygen. However, isopods occupy conditions with wide and unpredictable thermal and oxygen gradients, suggesting that they might have evolved adaptive developmental plasticity in their respiratory organs to help meet metabolic demand over a wide range of oxygen conditions. To explore this plasticity, we conducted an experiment in which we reared common rough woodlice (Porcellio scaber) from eggs to maturation at different temperatures (15 and 22 °C) combined with different oxygen levels (10% and 22% O).

Observation vs. early drainage for grade IV blunt renal trauma: a multicenter study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare observation and early drainage by ureteral stenting in patients with blunt renal trauma and urinary extravasation.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective national multicenter study was performed including all patients admitted for renal trauma at 17 hospitals between 2005 and 2015. Patients presenting with a urinary extravasation on initial imaging were considered for inclusion.

COVID19 pandemic impacts on anxiety of French urologist in training: Outcomes from a national survey.

Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak in France is disturbing our health system. Urologists in training who are already known to have burnout, are in the front line to face this disease. The aim of our study was to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on young French urologists in training.

[Renal Trauma].

Introduction: Renal traumas are common, observed in 10% of patients with abdominal trauma. Most renal traumas are blunt, resulting from a direct hit or from an abrupt deceleration.

Material And Methods: We realized a synthesis of renal trauma management for nurses.

Kidney Graft Urothelial Carcinoma: Results From a Multicentric Retrospective National Study.

Objective: To calculate the incidence of renal graft urothelial carcinoma in renal transplant recipients in a national large retrospective cohort and to analyze circumstances of diagnosis, treatment and outcome.

Material And Methods: We conducted a national retrospective, multicenter study. Thirty two transplant centers were asked to report its cases of kidney graft tumors and the number of kidney transplantations performed since the beginning of their transplantation activity.

Early discharge in selected patients with low-grade renal trauma.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess whether early discharge could be non-inferior to inpatient management in selected patients with low-grade renal trauma (AAST grades 1-3).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective national multicenter study was conducted including all patients who presented with renal trauma at 17 hospitals between 2005 and 2015. Exclusion criteria were iatrogenic and AAST grades 4 and 5 trauma, non-conservative initial management, Hb < 10 g/dl or transfusion within the first 24 h, and patients with concomitant injuries.

More oxygen during development enhanced flight performance but not thermal tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster.

High temperatures can stress animals by raising the oxygen demand above the oxygen supply. Consequently, animals under hypoxia could be more sensitive to heating than those exposed to normoxia. Although support for this model has been limited to aquatic animals, oxygen supply might limit the heat tolerance of terrestrial animals during energetically demanding activities.