Sudden emergence of a clade with reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, Norway.

multilocus sequence type (ST)-7827 emerged in a dramatic fashion in Norway in the period 2016-2018. Here, we aim to shed light on the provenance and expansion of this ST. ST-7827 was found to be polyphyletic, but the majority of members belonged to a monophyletic clade we termed PopPUNK cluster 7827 (PC-7827).

Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire: Further evidence for two distinct subtypes of grazing behaviour.

Objective: The Repetitive Eating Questionnaire, Rep(eat)-Q, is a 12-item self-report measure of compulsive and noncompulsive forms of grazing behaviour (i.e., eating modest amounts of food in a repetitive and unplanned manner).

Factors associated with involuntary admissions among patients with substance use disorders and comorbidity: a cross-sectional study.

Background: To investigate factors associated with involuntary admissions to hospital pursuant to a social services act of patients with substance use disorder by comparing the socio-demographic characteristics, substance use, and psychiatric comorbidities with voluntarily admitted patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study compared two groups admitted to combined substance use disorder and psychiatry wards. Sixty-five patients were involuntarily admitted pursuant to the Social Services Act and 137 were voluntarily admitted.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with high-level resistance to spectinomycin due to a novel resistance mechanism (mutated ribosomal protein S5) verified in Norway.

Gonorrhea may become untreatable, and new treatment options are essential. Verified resistance to spectinomycin is exceedingly rare. However, we describe a high-level spectinomycin-resistant (MIC, >1,024 μg/ml) Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain from Norway with a novel resistance mechanism.

Clinical aspects of a nationwide epidemic of severe haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children.

Background: Report a nationwide epidemic of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) O103:H25 causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) in children.

Methods: Description of clinical presentation, complications and outcome in a nationwide outbreak.

Two cases of verified clinical failures using internationally recommended first-line cefixime for gonorrhoea treatment, Norway, 2010.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to most of the available therapeutic antimicrobials. The susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, the last remaining first-line treatment option, is decreasing globally. This report describes the first two cases outside Japan of verified gonorrhoea clinical failures using internationally recommended first-line cefixime treatment.

Failure of dry mist of hydrogen peroxide 5% to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A dry mist of hydrogen peroxide (DMHP; Sterinis), was used to test for surface decontamination of air-dried samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3 x 10(5) cfu/mL in open plastic trays. No significant decontamination effect of DMHP could be observed after three ordinary cycles with hydrogen peroxide or after doubling the effect with six repeated cycles.

Rapid MRSA test in exposed persons: costs and savings in hospitals.

Objective: To study a rapid Xpert polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in patients and healthcare workers (HCW) exposed to MRSA, and to estimate savings associated to isolation or work restriction.

Methods: A test set of four double (one for the growth and one for the rapid test) pre-wet swabs from the nose, throat, hands/wrists and perineum was studied by a growth method and by the Xpert MRSA test.

Results: The total correspondence between the growth and the rapid test was 92.

A multidrug-resistant, methicillin-susceptible strain of Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit in Oslo, Norway.

Over a 6-month period in 2008, approximately 15% of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates from our neonatal intensive care unit were resistant to penicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Extended antibiotic susceptibility testing and molecular profiling revealed an outbreak of an S. aureus strain with a rare susceptibility pattern for a Scandinavian setting.

[Invasive pneumoccal disease in children in Oslo 1998-2004].

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Norwegian children.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included all children (under 16 years) with isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site admitted to the Department of Paediatrics at Ullevaal University Hospital in the period 1998 to 2004. We studied the epidemiology, predisposing factors, clinical picture, antimicrobial resistance, outcome of IPD and the theoretical coverage of the 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) in these children.

Is an increase of MRSA in Oslo, Norway, associated with changed infection control policy?

Objectives: The objective was to describe the prevalence of MRSA in Oslo, Norway, before and after introduction of a new National MRSA Control Guideline.

Methods: From 1993 to 2006, we prospectively collected clinical and microbiological data on all MRSA cases in Oslo, Norway. Two MRSA guidelines; a strict Ullevål Standard MRSA Guideline and a less strict National MRSA Control Guideline were compared.

Brain responses to lexical-semantic priming in children at-risk for dyslexia.

Deviances in early event-related potential (ERP) components reflecting auditory and phonological processing are well-documented in children at familial risk for dyslexia. However, little is known about brain responses which index processing in other linguistic domains such as lexicon, semantics and syntax in this group. The present study investigated effects of lexical-semantic priming in 20- and 24-month-olds at-risk for dyslexia and typically developing controls in two ERP experiments.

[South American blastomycosis--a differential diagnosis to tuberculous meningitis].

Background: South American blastomycosis is primarily a lung infection often complicated by multiorgan or intracranial disease.

Material And Methods: We describe the clinical and pathological findings of fatal cerebral blastomycosis occurring in a woman that immigrated to Norway from Brazil 23 years earlier.

Results: The clinical symptoms together with the radiological findings of multiple cerebral lesions and thickening of the basal meninges were interpreted as cerebral tuberculosis.

Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive unit associated with understaffing, overcrowding and mixing of patients.

Over the period May-June 1999, an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was registered in eight newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the Department of Pediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital (UUH) in Oslo. Seven were infected or colonized with an indistinguishable strain, detected at the NICU, and one patient with a slightly different PFGE type (i.e.

Low faecal carrier rate of vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norwegian hospital patients.

The faecal carrier rate of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was surveyed among 616 patients in selected departments of 7 Norwegian hospitals. One Enterococcus gallinarum isolate harbouring a vanB2 element was recovered from a child with malignant disease treated with vancomycin and ceftazidime. No vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium were detected and no VRE isolates of the VanA type were identified.

A Norwegian nosocomial outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistant to fusidic acid and susceptible to other antistaphylococcal agents.

In Norway, infections caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are still uncommon. From December 1993 to January 1997, MRSA was isolated from 22 people in Oslo county; 17 patients and five carriers (healthcare workers). A cluster of ten people (five patients and five healthcare workers) were associated with an outbreak at two hospitals in Oslo.

[Yellow staphylococci with borderline resistance to methicillin].

Over the last four years there has been an increase in the incidence of borderlineresistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bacteriological samples at the Ullevål University Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology. Several severe infections caused by these bacteria have been noticed in the Department of Infectious Diseases at Ullevål University Hospital. From December 1994 to April 1997, 24 patients suffering from this type of S.

[Methicillin resistant yellow staphylococci].

The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Norway is extremely low. Isolation of such strains is nearly always associated with import. From December 1993 to January 1997 at the Ullevål University Hospital Department of Medical Microbiology, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 22 persons in Oslo (17 patients and five healthy carriers).

Drug distribution within human milk phases.

Phase distribution and protein binding of drugs in human milk have been measured. The analytical method is reproducible, rapid, and requires only small sample volumes. Five drugs were studied: diazepam, phenobarbital, warfarin, phenytoin, and disopyramide.

Presence of chlorprothixene and its metabolites in breast milk.

Chlorprothixene (CPX) and CPX sulphoxide were demonstrated in breast milk from two psychotic mothers taking 200 mg CPX daily. The milk concentrations of CPX were 120 to 260% greater than in plasma. The estimated amounts of drug administered in breast milk to one of the infants were 15 and 26 micrograms/day for CPX and CPX sulphoxide, respectively.

Ergotamine in plasma and CSF after i.m. and rectal administration to humans.

An attempt was made to study the kinetics of penetration of ergotamine across the blood-brain barrier. A single therapeutic dose of ergotamine was given to 18 hospitalized patients; eight patients received 0.5 mg i.