[Behavioral instrumental reactions and the frequency of cardiac contractions in chimpanzees with different rates of approaching a goal and a shortened time of its exposure].

Reaching the goals moving with different speed (from 1 to 400 mm/sec), the chimpanzee revealed respective behavioural, emotional, instrumental, and cardiovascular responses. When obscuring the goal for a certain time, the chimpanzee nevertheless managed to reach it, the relations between the speed of approaching goal and behavioural or instrumental responses being preserved. Thereupon, the chimpanzee are able to reach the goal provided the latter's trace exceeds 5-10-fold the time of really acting stimulus.

[Adaptation of a 4-year-old chimpanzee to an unusual stimulus].

A complex of adaptive reactions have been observed in response to the unusual irritants in 4-year chimpanzee infant. It includes the orienting-research, passive defence reactions, avoidance of irritant, transfer on co-operation with experimenter, aggressive reactions to unusual irritants. The analysis of behaviour reactions and cardiac rhythm has revealed that playing with an experimentator and aggressive reactions are the most reliable way of adaptation which prevents strong and long emotional stress.

[The action of a visual food stimulus approaching at various speeds on behavioral and instrumental reactions in chimpanzees].

The physiological significance of the approaching speed of visual food irritation has been studied on four adult chimpanzees by the method of approaching object. It has been found out the ranges of speeds where the positive emotional reaction dominated, the alternation of reference and overcoming reactions took place, the process of interaction of overcoming reactions and negative ones went on, the negative emotional reaction dominated. Each form of the reactions had its own specific reflection in their behavioral and instrumental reactions of chimpanzees.

[Formation of a generalized reaction of choice of object according to color in a young chimpanzee].

It has been established that the necessary conditions for rapid formation of experience in chimpanzees are creation of the interspecific functional system experimenter-chimpanzee in which the mechanisms of imitation and refreshment and creation of situational conditional reflex may be equally used. The neurophysiological basis of the latter is the stage activity when each stage is the signal for the following and refreshment for the previous one. In the presence of these factors the possibility of formation of aim generalized reflex appears, that is the basis for creation of optimum conditions for perception and learning the given information.

[A neurophysiologic analysis of the solution of arithmetic problems by seven to eight-year-old schoolchildren].

The nature of correlation connections between various areas of the cerebral cortex in the process of solving arithmetic problems of different complexity was studied in children seven to eight years old. Particularly noticeable differences by this parameter became prominent between the following periods of solving easy and difficult problems: 1) presentation of the problems; 2) comparison of the solution with the control; 3) selfestimation of the result of the activity. An important part in each of the indicated periods was played by comparing the preceding and current excitations.