It's time to shed some light on the importance of fungi in neonatal intensive care units: what do we know about the neonatal mycobiome?

The 21st century, thanks to the development of molecular methods, including DNA barcoding, using Sanger sequencing, and DNA metabarcoding, based on next-generation sequencing (NGS), is characterized by flourishing research on the human microbiome. Microbial dysbiosis is perceived as a new pathogenetic factor for neonatal diseases. Fungi are crucial, but neglected, components of the neonatal microbiome, which, despite their low abundance, significantly impact morbidity and mortality rates of premature infants hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).

Constellation of the endophytic mycobiome in spring and winter wheat cultivars grown under various conditions.

The mycobiome is an integral component of every living organism. Among other fungi associated with plants, endophytes are an interesting and favorable group of microorganisms, but information regarding them is still largely unknown. Wheat is the most economically significant and essential crop for global food security, which is exposed to a range of abiotic and biotic stresses.

Expression Patterns of miR398, miR167, and miR159 in the Interaction between Bread Wheat ( L.) and Pathogenic and Beneficial Fungi.

Bread wheat (  L.) is an agronomically significant cereal cultivated worldwide. Wheat breeding is limited by numerous abiotic and biotic stresses.

Fungi Inhabiting the Wheat Endosphere.

Wheat production is influenced by changing environmental conditions, including climatic conditions, which results in the changing composition of microorganisms interacting with this cereal. The group of these microorganisms includes not only endophytic fungi associated with the wheat endosphere, both pathogenic and symbiotic, but also those with yet unrecognized functions and consequences for wheat. This paper reviews the literature in the context of the general characteristics of endophytic fungi inhabiting the internal tissues of wheat.

Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Selected Spelt Varieties ( ssp. L.) Cultivated under Drought Conditions with Different Endophytic Core Microbiomes.

The role of the microbiome in the root zone is critically important for plants. However, the mechanism by which plants can adapt to environmental constraints, especially water deficit, has not been fully investigated to date, while the endophytic core microbiome of the roots of spelt ( ssp. L.

Changes in root-associated fungal communities in Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L. and Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare L. under drought stress and in various soil processing.

Plant roots are inhabited by an enormous variety of microorganisms, including fungi, which can control the growth as well as regulate the health of the host plants. The mycobiome composition of the roots of wheat plants, especially spelt, under drought stress has been rarely investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the composition of fungal communities in the root endosphere and rhizosphere of three Triticum aestivum ssp.

Methylation Patterns of SOX3, SOX9, and WNT4 Genes in Gonads of Dogs with XX (SRY-Negative) Disorder of Sexual Development.

Ovotesticular or testicular disorder of sexual development in dogs with female karyotype and lack of SRY (XX DSD) is a common sexual anomaly diagnosed in numerous breeds. The molecular background, however, remains unclear, and epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, have not been studied. The aim of our study was comparative methylation analysis of CpG islands in promoters of candidate genes for XX DSD: SOX9, SOX3, and WNT4.

Polymorphism of the CTNNB1 and FOXL2 Genes is not Associated with Canine XX Testicular/Ovotesticular Disorder of Sex Development.

78,XX testicular or ovotesticular disorder of sex development (DSD) is the most common sex anomaly in dogs, but its molecular background remains unknown. It was hypothesized that the causative mutation may reside in canine chromosome 23 (CFA23), where two genes playing a pivotal role in ovarian development (CTNNB1 and FOXL2) are located. The aim of our study was to search for polymorphism in both candidate genes in 15 DSD dogs (78,XX and a lack of the SRYgene) and 29 normal females.

Testicular disorder of sex development in four cats with a male karyotype (38,XY; SRY-positive).

The molecular background of disorders of sex development (DSD) in cats is poorly recognized. In this study we present cytogenetic, molecular and histological analyses of four cats subjected for the analysis due to ambiguous external genitalia. Three cases, with rudimentary penises and an abnormal position of the urethral orifice, represented different types of hypospadias.

A lack of association between polymorphisms of three positional candidate genes (CLASP2 , UBP1, and FBXL2) and canine disorder of sexual development (78,XX; SRY -negative).

A disorder of sexual development (DSD) of dogs with a female karyotype, missing SRY gene, and presence of testicles or ovotestes is quite commonly diagnosed. It is suggested that this disorder is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation; however, other models of inheritance have not been definitely ruled out. In an earlier study it was hypothesized that the mutation may reside in a pericentromeric region of canine chromosome 23 (CFA23).

Non-CpG hypermethylation in placenta of mutation-induced intrauterine growth restricted bovine foetuses.

The existence of non-CpG methylation in mammalian DNA has mainly been observed in embryonic stem cells, but its functional significance is uncertain. We found an age-dependent non-CpG hypermethylation in DMR at the 3' end of the MIMT1 in the placenta of intrauterine growth restricted foetuses in cattle. Data suggest that this DMR play a role in epigenetic regulation of the PEG3 domain.