Clinical evaluation of two in-office dental bleaching agents.

Purpose: To evaluate the bleaching efficacy and time required for color stability immediately after dental office bleaching.

Methods: 40 subjects were randomly divided into two groups, according to the bleaching agent used:GHP - 35% hydrogen peroxide gel and GCP - 37% carbamide peroxide gel. The color was measured with a spectrophotometer before and immediately, 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days and 15 days after the bleaching procedure.

CAD/CAM ceramic fragments in anterior teeth: A clinical report.

Objective: The treatment of fractured teeth has become a great opportunity to investigate new approaches in the field of restorative dentistry. Restoring teeth with ceramic fragments is a great challenge, however, the computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology allows the fabrication of both laminate veneers and ceramic fragments.

Materials And Methods: Thus, the aim of this article was to report a clinical case where anterior teeth, fractured due to a sport practice, were restored with CAD/CAM ceramic fragments.

Color stability of shade guides after autoclave sterilization.

This study evaluated the influence of 120 autoclave sterilization cycles on the color stability of two commercial shade guides (Vita Classical and Vita System 3D-Master). The specimens were evaluated by spectrophotometer before and after the sterilization cycles. The color was described using the three-dimensional CIELab system.

Stress amplifications in dental non-carious cervical lesions.

This study aims to investigate the influence of the presence, shape and depth of NCCLs on the mechanical response of a maxillary second premolar subjected to functional and non-functional occlusal loadings using 3-D finite element (FE) analysis. A three-dimensional model of a maxillary second premolar and its supporting bone was constructed based on the contours of their cross-sections. From the sound model, cervical defects having either V- or U-shapes, as found clinically, were subtracted in three different depths.

Should acid etching be performed prior to nonvital bleaching?

This study sought to measure the microtensile bond strength of a nanofilled composite resin to human dentin after phosphoric acid etching followed by nonvital bleaching. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze fracture modes. Twenty extracted sound human maxillary premolars were prepared for Class I defects and assigned randomly to 4 groups (n = 5): Group 1 (control group) samples were unbleached and had no previous acid etching; Group 2 samples were bleached only, Group 3 samples were acid-etched for 15 seconds prior to bleaching, and Group 4 samples were acid-etched for 30 seconds prior to bleaching.

The influence of different placement techniques on the microtensile bond strength of low-shrink silorane composite bonded to Class I cavities.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a low-shrink silorane-based composite (Filtek Silorane) and a methacrylate-based composite (Filtek Z250) to the bottom dentin of a Class I cavity using different placement techniques. Twelve third molars were used. Standard, box-type Class I cavities (6.

Effect of multiple coats of ultra-mild all-in-one adhesives on bond strength to dentin covered with two different smear layer thicknesses.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect on bond strength of 1, 2, or 3 coats of two one-step self-etching adhesives on dentin covered with two different smear layer thicknesses.

Materials And Methods: Flat dentin surfaces from recently extracted third molars were wet ground with 60- or 600-grit SiC paper to produce smear layers of different thicknesses. Adper Easy Bond (3M ESPE) and Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray) were applied in 1, 2, or 3 consecutive coats after air drying each coat.

Slow progression of dentin bond degradation during one-year water storage under simulated pulpal pressure.

Objectives: To evaluate the dentin bond durability of simplified adhesives after one-year (1 y) under water storage and simulated pulpal pressure.

Methods: Class I cavities were prepared in sixty human third molars with the pulpal wall located in mid-coronal dentin. The roots were cut off to expose the pulpal chamber, and the teeth were assembled in a pulpal pressure simulator device.

Fragment bonding of fractured anterior teeth: case report.

The unharmonious esthetic appearance of anterior teeth can be caused by changes in tooth color, shape, and size or by traumatic dental injury. Because the fragment bonding technique can restore functionality, morphology, and especially esthetics, it should be one of the choices in the restoration of fractured anterior teeth if the fragment is available. This article describes a clinical case of bonding of fractured anterior teeth and demonstrates how an esthetic appearance can be satisfactorily restored without wear to sound structure.

Optical influence of the type of illuminant, substrates and thickness of ceramic materials.

Objectives: The present study is an instrumental evaluation of the optical influence of the type of illuminant, substrate and different thickness on the color of dental ceramics.

Methods: Thirty ceramic disks were prepared from IPS-Empress and IPS-Empress2 in three different thicknesses (1.5, 2.

A new proposal to optimize the occlusal margin in direct resin composite restorations of posterior teeth.

Modern operative dentistry provides practitioners of esthetic dentistry the means for performing direct restorations in a virtually imperceptible way. However, this attribute of resin composite can cause difficulties because the absence of contrast between the tooth structure and the restoration can impede visualization of the cavity limits. The purpose of this article is to highlight some operative steps that, when appropriately performed, will facilitate the building of direct resin composite restorations in posterior teeth, significantly reducing the possibility of restorative overextension.

The influence of two home-applied bleaching agents on enamel microhardness: an in situ study.

Objective: This in situ study evaluated the influence of two home-applied bleaching agents (10% carbamide peroxide and 7.5% hydrogen peroxide) on enamel microhardness.

Methods: Ninety enamel slabs were obtained from human third molars and baseline Knoop hardness measurements were recorded under a 50 g load for 5s.

Color in natural teeth and direct resin composite restorations: essential aspects.

This article presents the essential aspects for understanding and reproducing the color of natural teeth with the use of direct resin composite. Fluorescence and opalescence are discussed, with special emphasis on counter-opalescence, which is primarily responsible for the appearance of an orange discoloration at the mamelon dentin tips and incisal edges of anterior teeth. The dynamics of color in natural teeth in relation to age is also discussed, focusing on the age-related changes that occur in enamel, dentin, and pulp.

Interfacial morphology of self-etching adhesive systems in dentin.

Objective: To portray and assess the interfacial morphology achieved with self-etching systems in dentin under observation by scanning electron microscopy.

Method And Materials: Ten caries-free extracted erupted human third molars were used in this study. The occlusal enamel was removed, and 10 dentin disks with a thickness of 800 +/- 200 Microm were obtained by slow-speed sectioning with a diamond saw parallel to the occlusal surface.

Dentin bond strengths of simplified adhesives: effect of dentin depth.

The objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of 3 simplified adhesive systems applied on shallow vs deep dentin. For superficial dentin, 30 human molars were sectioned with a diamond saw to expose dentin immediately below the dentoenamel junction. For deep dentin, 30 molars were sectioned 3 mm below the dentoenamel junction.

Esthetic noncarious Class V restorations: a case report.

Unlabelled: When restoring anterior and posterior teeth affected by noncarious cervical lesions, many clinicians overlook the etiologic factors responsible for the lesions' development, resulting in frequent restorative failures. The treatment approach for noncarious cervical lesions must not be based only on restorative procedures since a variety of causative and aggravating factors are related to their formation. This article discusses a treatment protocol and techniques for the restoration of noncarious Class V lesions and presents a clinical case in which esthetic restorations are achieved.

Clinical strategies for success in proximoincisal composite restorations. Part II: Composite application technique.

Unlabelled: Reproducing the form, function, and optical characteristics of natural dental structures with direct composites in large and moderately large proximoincisal (Class IV) restorations represents a great challenge for clinicians in general. Understanding color is fundamental to achieving success when restoring these defects, as was discussed in Part I of this two-part article (Volume, 16, Number 6). The proper restoration of the functional lingual contour is also a challenge that cannot be overcome without close attention to the restorative technique.

Clinical strategies for success in proximoincisal composite restorations. Part I: Understanding color and composite selection.

The restoration of proximoincisal (Class IV) defects with direct resin-based composites requires attention to many technical and artistic details. This article is the first of a series of two articles that aim at presenting clinical strategies for optimal success when direct resin-based composites are used for the restoration of moderate or large proximoincisal defects. Concepts of natural anatomy, color as it relates to dental structures, and composite selection are discussed in this article and are illustrated with a preclinical exercise and two clinical cases in which these concepts are applied.

Dentin bond strength of self-etching primers/adhesives.

This study compared the shear bond strengths (SBS) to dentin achieved with six self-etching systems and one total-etch one-bottle adhesive system. Seventy freshly extracted bovine incisors were mounted in acrylic molds and the facial surfaces ground to expose middle dentin, which was polished by 600-grit sand paper. The incisors were randomly assigned to groups (n=10): Adper Prompt Self-Etch Adhesive, 3M-ESPE (ADP) and One-Up Bond F, Tokuyama (OU) as self-etching adhesives; AdheSE, Ivoclar-Vivadent (ADH), Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray (SE), Optibond Solo Plus-Self-Etch, Kerr (OP) as self-etching primers, Tyrian SPE, BISCO (TY) as a self-priming etchant and Single Bond, 3M-ESPE (SB), a total-etch one-bottle adhesive served as a control.

In situ effect of 10% carbamide peroxide on resin-dentin bond strengths: a novel pilot study.

Purpose: This pilot study used a novel study design to evaluate the effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on the bond strength of a resin-based composite system to dentin.

Materials And Methods: Dentin disks were obtained from human third molars, polished to 600 grit, and mounted on the palatal aspect of a removable orthodontic retainer. Two disks were exposed to a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel for 2 h/d for 21 days, whereas two disks were not treated and served as controls.

Flowable composites as "filled adhesives:" a microleakage study.

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the microleakage at dentin margins of a flowable resin composite associated with an adhesive, either light cured separately or co-cured, in Class V cavities.

Materials And Methods: Twenty four recently extracted human molars were prepared with standardized box-shaped Class V cavities of 3.0 mm (mesial-distal), 2.

Bonding to cervical sclerotic dentin: effect of acid etching time.

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) of two total-etch one-bottle adhesive systems to natural cervical lesions with 2 different etching times (15 s vs 30 s).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two human canines and premolars with saucer-shaped noncarious cervical defects were cleaned and randomly assigned to 4 groups. The adhesive systems - Single Bond (SB; 3M ESPE) or OptiBond Solo Plus (OP; Kerr) - were applied on cervical dentin after acid etching with the proprietary acid gel (35% or 37.

Effect of posterior resin composite placement technique on the resin-dentin interface formed in vivo.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the resin-dentin interface formed in vivo with two posterior resin composite placement techniques (incremental and bulk).

Method And Materials: After approval from the patients, 12 Class II cavities with margins in enamel (2.5 x 2.

Using opaquers under direct composite resin veneers: an illustrated review of the technique.

Unlabelled: In restorative dentistry direct composite resin materials can be used to conservatively resolve many esthetic problems. Opaque resins are often necessary to mask discolorations and/or dark backgrounds when restoring anterior teeth. This article presents a direct composite resin veneer technique using opaquers.

Direct adhesive restoration of anterior teeth: Part 2. Clinical protocol.

Contemporary adhesive restorations allow clinicians to deliver minimally invasive, functional, and aesthetic treatment for compromised dentition in the anterior and posterior regions. Part 1 of this article discussed the state-of-the-art relating to composite restorations, both in situations deemed to be relatively uncomplicated and those that are more complicated. This second part discusses the clinical protocol for the placement of direct composite materials as well as the tooth preparation considerations that must be addressed when providing minimally invasive treatment options.