Over-expression of the barley Phytoglobin 1 (HvPgb1) evokes leaf-specific transcriptional responses during root waterlogging.

Oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) in the root due to waterlogging causes profound metabolic changes in the aerial organs depressing growth and limiting plant productivity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Genome-wide analyses in waterlogged wild type (WT) barley (cv.

The Effect of and on subsp. Growing in Saline Soil.

The mining of the oil sands region of Canada's boreal forest creates disturbed land with elevated levels of salts. Understanding how native plants respond to salt stress is critical in reclaiming these lands. The native species, subsp.

Phytoglobin Expression Alters the Na/K Balance and Antioxidant Responses in Soybean Plants Exposed to NaSO.

Soybean () is an economically important crop which is very susceptible to salt stress. Tolerance to NaSO stress was evaluated in soybean plants overexpressing or suppressing the phytoglobin . Salt stress depressed several gas exchange parameters, including the photosynthetic rate, caused leaf damage, and reduced the water content and dry weights.

Nose-only inhalations of high-dose alumina nanoparticles/hydrogen chloride gas mixtures induce strong pulmonary pro-inflammatory response: a pilot study.

Objective: Solid composite propellants combustion, in aerospace and defense fields, can lead to complex aerosols emission containing high concentrations of alumina nanoparticles (AlO NPs) and hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). Exposure to these mixtures by inhalation is thus possible but literature data toward their pulmonary toxicity are missing. To specify hazards resulting from these combustion aerosols, a pilot study was implemented.

The soybean Phytoglobin1 (GmPgb1) is involved in water deficit responses through changes in ABA metabolism.

Soybean (Glycine max), a major grain crop worldwide, is susceptible to severe yield loss due to drought. Soybean plants over-expressing and downregulating the soybean Phytoblobin1 (GmPgb1) were evaluated for their ability to cope with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water deficit. Sense transformation of GmPgb1, which was more expressed in shoot tissue relative to roots, increased overall plant performance and tolerance to water stress by attenuating the PEG depression of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll content, as well as reducing leaf injury and promoting root growth.

Lower Nitrogen Availability Enhances Resistance to Whiteflies in Tomato.

Soil nitrogen (N) supplementation via fertilizers may increase crop yields substantially. However, by increasing tissue N content, added N can make plants more attractive to herbivores, effectively reducing their resistance to herbivores (ability to avoid herbivore damage). In turn, greater pest infestation may cause more severe reductions in fruit production than a moderate N scarcity.

Over-expression of the Zea mays phytoglobin (ZmPgb1.1) alleviates the effect of water stress through shoot-specific mechanisms.

Water deficit limits plant growth and development by interfering with several physiological and molecular processes both in root and shoot tissues. Through their ability to scavenge nitric oxide (NO), phytoglobins (Pgbs) exercise a protective role during several conditions of stress. While their action has been mainly documented in roots, it is unclear whether Pgb exercises a specific and direct role in shoot tissue.

Polyamine-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of Enzymatic Antioxidative Response to Excess Soil Moisture during Early Seedling Growth in Soybean.

This study examined the expression patterns of antioxidative genes and the activity of the corresponding enzymes in the excess moisture-stressed seedlings of soybean in response to seed treatment with polyamines, spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd). At the 4 day after planting (DAP) stage, the excess moisture impaired the embryo axis growth, and this effect is associated with the downregulation of () expression and SOD activity in the cotyledon. Seed treatment with Spm reversed the effects of excess moisture on embryo axis growth partly through enhancing glutathione reductase (GR) activity, in both the cotyledon and embryo axis, although no effect on the expression level was evident.

Phytodesalination of landfill leachate using and .

Landfilling has been widely used for solid waste disposal; however, the generation of leachate can pose a major threat to the surrounding environment in the form of soil salinity. Two native plants of North America (alkaligrass) and (cattail) were selected in this study to investigate bioaccumulation of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) under controlled greenhouse conditions. The treatments include irrigation of the plants using fertilizer (F), landfill leachate (LL), and tap water (control, C).

Phytoremediation of waste dumping site soil and landfill leachate by using cattail ().

In this study, cattail () was used to remove Na and Cl from polluted soil (PS) in a solid waste open dumping site. Hydroponic system was also evaluated to remove Na and Cl from landfill leachate. The results indicated that the cattail grown in PS had higher biomass yield of 44.

Enhanced oxidative stress in the jasmonic acid-deficient tomato mutant def-1 exposed to NaCl stress.

Jasmonic acid (JA) has been mostly studied in responses to biotic stresses, such as herbivore attack and pathogenic infection. More recently, the involvement of JA in abiotic stresses including salinity was highlighted; yet, its role in salt stress remained unclear. In the current study, we compared the physiological and biochemical responses of wild-type (WT) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv Castlemart and its JA-deficient mutant defenseless-1 (def-1) under salt stress to investigate the role of JA.

Phytoglobin expression influences soil flooding response of corn plants.

Background and Aims Excess water is a limiting factor for crop productivity. Under conditions of full submergence or flooding, plants can experience prolonged oxygen depletion which compromises basic physiological and biochemical processes. Severe perturbations of the photosynthetic machinery with a concomitant decline in photosynthetic potential as a result of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major consequences of water excess.

Increased resistance to a generalist herbivore in a salinity-stressed non-halophytic plant.

Plants often grow under the combined stress of several factors. Salinity and herbivory, separately, can severely hinder plant growth and reproduction, but the combined effects of both factors are still not clearly understood. Salinity is known to reduce plant tissue nitrogen content and growth rates.

Seasonal influence over serum and urine metabolic markers in submariners during prolonged patrols.

Within the framework of earlier publications, we have consistently dedicated our investigations to eliciting the effects of both seasonal vitamin D deficiency and submarine-induced hypercapnia on serum parameters for acid-base balance and bone metabolism in submariners over a 2-month winter (WP) or summer (SP) patrols. The latest findings reported herein, contribute further evidence with regard to overall physiological regulations in the same submariner populations that underwent past scrutiny. Hence, urine and blood samples were collected in WP and SP submariners at control prepatrol time as well as on submarine patrol days 20, 41, and 58.

Effects of high-phosphorus and/or low-calcium diets on bone tissue in trained male rats.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate if wheel running exercise could offset the detrimental influences of independent or combined high-phosphorus and low-calcium diets on bone tissue in rats.

Methods: Forty male dark Agouti rats were randomly assigned to eight groups of five animals. Four sedentary groups (SED) and four voluntary trained groups (TR) were fed over 6 wk of either a standard food or a modified diet, namely, high phosphorus (HP), low calcium (LCa), or high phosphorus combined with low calcium (HP/LCa).

Influence of papermill sludge on growth of Medicago sativa, Festuca rubra and Agropyron trachycaulum in gold mine tailings: a greenhouse study.

A greenhouse study was undertaken to determine the suitability of adding papermill sludge to neutral/alkaline gold mine tailings to improve the establishment of Festuca rubra, Agropyron trachycaulum and Medicago sativa. Festuca rubra root and shoot biomass and A. Trachycaulum shoot biomass were increased with papermill sludge amendment.

Effects of NaCl on water relations and cell wall elasticity and composition of red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) seedlings.

Red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx, Syn. Cornus sericea), a species relatively well adapted to moderately saline conditions compared with other boreal species, was used to test the effects of NaCl on plant water relations, cell wall elasticity, and cell wall composition of seedlings. Three month-old seedlings were treated hydroponically with 0, 25, and 50 mm NaCl for 21 days.

Suitability of altai wildrye (Elymus angustus) and slender wheatgrass (Agropyron trachycaulum) for initial reclamation of saline composite tailings of oil sands.

The reclamation of freshly produced composite or consolidated tailings (CT) is a challenge for the Oil Sands Industry in the boreal forest of Western Canada. CT tailings materials are characterized by a relatively high salinity (dominated by sodium, sulphate and chloride) and a high pH (8-9). A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the germination, survival, injury and early plant growth of two grass species recommended for land reclamation, altai wildrye (Elymus angustus Trin) and slender wheatgrass (Agropyron trachycaulum Link Malte), growing in two different oil sand CT tailings (alum-CT and gypsum-CT), with and without peat amendment.

Barley, a potential species for initial reclamation of saline composite tailings of oil sands.

The oil sands industry in Alberta (Canada) has developed the composite tailings (CT) process to reduce the fluid fine tails resulting from the processing of oil sands. This process uses a chemical coagulant (gypsum or alum) to produce aggregated fines (clay), so they are retained with the coarse sand fraction of the extraction tailings to form CT, from which fines-free water is released relatively quickly compared with untreated tailings. The resulting CT and CT waters are saline-sodic, with Na+, SO4(2-), and Cl- being the dominant ions.

Effects of space food bar feeding on bone mass and metabolism in normal and unloaded rats.

During spaceflights in the shuttle, rats are provided specific food bars. To determine whether this diet allows normal body and skeletal growth, we used four groups of rats fed either standard pellet food or space food bars during a 2-wk unloading experiment. We recorded food intake, body weight, tibial bone mass, and mineral content by ash analyses, cancellous bone volume, and cell activities by histomorphometry.

Jack pine growth and elemental composition are affected by saline tailings water.

In the processing of oil sands from Alberta's Athabasca formation, large quantities of alkaline, saline tailings and associated process-affected waters are produced. These waters may have a negative effect on plants used in reclamation of mined areas in this region of the northern boreal forest. In the present study, we examined the effects of process-affected water on the growth and elemental composition of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.