Complications of Pediatric Midline Catheters: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study.

Background: Midline catheters are peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters in which the tip of the catheter does not reach the central circulation. In children, the use of midline catheters could lead to decreased complications from central venous catheters. To validate the safety of midline catheter use in children, we aimed to describe the complications and dwell time of pediatric midline catheters.

Incidence of venous thromboembolic events not related to vascular catheters in a prospective cohort of critically ill children.

Unlabelled: The risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered to be low in the general paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) population, and pharmacological thromboprophylaxis is not routinely used. PICU patients considered at high-risk of VTE could possibly benefit from pharmacological thromboprophylaxis, but the incidence of VTE in this group of patients is unclear. This was an observational, prospective study at a tertiary multi-disciplinary paediatric hospital.

Kidney volume, kidney function, and ambulatory blood pressure in children born extremely preterm with and without nephrocalcinosis.

Background: Reduced kidney volume (KV) following prematurity is a proxy for reduced nephron number and is associated with the development of hypertension and end-stage renal disease in adults. We investigated whether extreme prematurity affects KV, function, and blood pressure in school-aged children and if nephrocalcinosis (NC) developed during the neonatal period had additional effects.

Methods: We investigated 60 children at a mean age of 7.

Incidence of and risk factors for venous thrombosis in children with percutaneous non-tunnelled central venous catheters.

Background: Venous thrombosis (VT) in children is often associated with a central venous catheter (CVC). We aimed to determine the incidence of VT associated with percutaneous non-tunnelled CVCs in a general paediatric population, and to identify risk factors for VT in this cohort.

Methods: Observational, prospective study enrolling consecutive patients at a tertiary multi-disciplinary paediatric hospital.

Complex Fluid Collection on Abdominal Ultrasound Indicates Need for Surgery in Neonates with Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

 The aim of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between the sonographic findings and the clinical outcomes, defined as surgery or death, in neonates with radiographically and/or histopathologically confirmed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).  In this retrospective study, the case notes of 58 patients admitted to Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, with radiographically confirmed NEC from September 2010 to August 2013, were reviewed. We included all newborns who underwent both plain abdominal radiographs and an abdominal ultrasound on the same day.

Recurrence of acute appendicitis after non-operative treatment of appendiceal abscess in children: a single-centre experience.

Background/purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of recurrence of acute appendicitis after initial successful non-operative treatment of appendiceal abscess in children.

Methods: This study was an observational cohort study of children treated non-operatively for appendiceal abscess at a large tertiary referral centre from 2006 to 2010. The primary outcome was recurrence of acute appendicitis.

Novel mutations in the MNX1 gene in two families with Currarino syndrome and variable phenotype.

The Currarino syndrome (CS) consists of a sacral defect, an anorectal malformation and a pre-sacral mass. It manifests as an autosomal dominant congenital malformation in familial settings, with varying penetrance. The disease-causing gene, Motor neuron and pancreas homeobox-1 (MNX1), is known to be mutated in almost all familial cases, but due to the lack of genotype-phenotype correlation, there is a need for better clinical and molecular genetic characterization of the CS.

Does enteral contrast increase the accuracy of appendicitis diagnosis?

Background: Several approaches traditionally have helped opacify the bowel when computed tomography (CT) is used to diagnose appendicitis. With the development of multidetector row CT (MDCT), the need for enteral contrast agents is less obvious. Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the accuracy of MDCT demonstration of appendicitis using enteral contrast agents.

"Wandering liver" in a neonate: case report and review of the literature.

Wandering liver describes the phenomenon where the liver moves freely from the right side of the abdomen to the left. It is believed to be associated with a persistent ventral mesentery, and most reported cases were diagnosed during investigations of intestinal obstruction. The operative findings describe lax or absent suspensory ligaments of the liver and a long colonic mesentery.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients.

Objectives: This clinical study investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of gadobutrol, a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging extracellular contrast agent, in pediatric patients aged 2 to 17 years.

Materials And Methods: In this open-label, multicenter study, patients scheduled for routine contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the brain, spine, liver or kidney, or MR angiography received a single intravenous injection of gadobutrol (0.1 mmol/kg/0.

Oophoropexy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound after asynchronous bilateral ovarian torsion.

A girl with asynchronous, bilateral ovarian torsion with previous oophorectomy presented with her second torsion. A laparoscopic untwisting of the torsed ovary was performed, treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy was given, and the outcome was followed with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. After 1 month, a laparoscopic oophoropexy was performed.

Impact of radiologic imaging on the surgical decision-making process in suspected appendicitis in children.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate how the surgeons' decision-making process in appendicitis in children is affected by radiologic imaging.

Materials And Methods: Prospective study including 593 children with suspected appendicitis was conducted. The surgeon's initial clinical disposition was recorded, designating the patient for operation, observation, or discharge.

Suspected appendicitis in children: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced versus nonenhanced Helical CT.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of limited-area (lower abdominal) nonenhanced helical computed tomography (CT), intravenous contrast material-enhanced helical CT of the entire abdomen, and the combination of both.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred six children suspected of having appendicitis, who were previously included in a prospective study, underwent limited-area nonenhanced helical CT of the lower abdomen and contrast-enhanced CT of the entire abdomen. No oral or rectal contrast material was administered.

Suspected appendicitis in children: US and CT--a prospective randomized study.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) and of abdominal computed tomography (CT) performed in addition to US in the diagnosis of childhood appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: Six hundred children with suspected appendicitis were included in a prospective randomized study. After clinical examination, the patients were randomly assigned to undergo US only (283 patients) or US with abdominal CT (317 patients).