The stressostat: A novel approach in adaptive laboratory evolution to improve end-product resistance.

End-product inhibition in pH-controlled batch cultures, is the major limiting factor for bacterial biomass formation in the starter culture industry as well as in many other biotechnological processes. Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has emerged over the past decades as a powerful tool for phenotype optimization, but none of the existing ALE methods could select for improved end-product resistance. Therefore, we developed the stressostat (STress Resistance Evolution in Substrate Surplus) as a novel continuous ALE method.

Large plasmidome of dairy Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis FM03P encodes technological functions and appears highly unstable.

Background: Important industrial traits have been linked to plasmids in Lactococcus lactis.

Results: The dairy isolate L. lactis subsp.