Validation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in Military Personnel of the Spanish Army (RSES-JGA).

Background: Self-esteem is a psychological term that, since its emergence in 1890 with William James, has been widely studied. Furthermore, this construct has been examined in different areas of psychology, including the clinical field, where its relationship with mental health and low levels of depression has been demonstrated. In the realm of positive psychology, its connection to resilience and life satisfaction has also been established.

[Executive functioning and metacognition in high intellectual capacity].

Introduction: Executive functions and Metacognition are integrated for the management of intellectual resources in close relation to intelligence its functioning and results; they are specially interesting for understanding the expression and development of high intellectual abilility (HIA). The aim of the study is to find out the relationship between executive functions (and components) and metacognition (and components) in schoolchildren with HIA.

Materials And Method: Measures of executive and metacognitive functioning and perfectionism were extracted from a sample of n= 147 schoolchildren with HIA.

[High capacity: social competences and cyberbullying].

High Intellectual Ability (HIA) is a differential manifestation of human intelligence with a neurobiological basis but which must express its high potential along the developmental trajectory through the covariation of endogenous (such as social competence) and exogenous modulating factors. The aim of the study is twofold: 1) to know, comparatively, the social competence of children with and without HIA, 2) to differentiate those social competences that could be protective or risk factors against the misuse of digital technologies. The Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales were administered to a sample of n = 70 learners (n = 35 with ICA, n = 35 with average intelligence) aged 11 to 16, analysing whether there are statistically significant differences in social skills and behavioural difficulties.

Evaluation Using Polar Coordinate of the Representation of Movement in the Drawings of Children Aged 5 to 8 Years.

The progressive complexity of mental representation is the basis for changes in human cognitive development. Evaluation of its external manifestations as graphic representation in drawings could be an instrument to understand changes in cognitive development and representational complexity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appearance and role of the indicators used by children to represent moving figures in their drawings.

Ethical Regulation and High Intellectual Ability.

High intellectual ability is expanding its conceptualization. This broadening includes the need for executive and ethical regulation of high potential, in order to offer effective solutions in the complexity of the 21st century. Research on the regulation of ethical sensitivity in persons with HIA is scarce and necessary, suggesting that children and adolescents with HIA are superior and earlier in ethical sensitivity than their typical peers.

[Relationship between competence and performance: resources regulation in high capacity].

The scientific concept of High Intellectual Ability (HIA) is expanded attending the question of discrepancy between the high cognitive potential and the low performance of some people with HIA. The study of the pathways and conditioning factors that lead to low performance is necessary in order to facilitate the development and optimal expression of high potential. The role of executive and metacognitive regulation of high intellectual resources is highlighted, in interaction with other endogenous and exogenous modulators.

Cognitive Flexibility in Schoolchild Through the Graphic Representation of Movement.

Neuroconstructivism postulates the progressive complexity of mental representation over the course of cognitive development and the role of the graphic representation of movement in the transformation of mental schemas, cognitive flexibility, and representational complexity. This study aims to: (1) understand children's resources in the drawing of movement (5-8 years); and (2) verify whether there are differences in the graphic representation of movement as an indicator of cognitive flexibility. The participants were = 240 children aged 5-8 years; 1,440 drawings were collected representing 2,880 characters (both animate and inanimate) from six stories.

[Modulation of the expression of high intellectual capacity].

Recent research demystifies and redefines high intellectual ability (HIA) against the traditional monolithic and static concept which was based on heritability and identification through an intelligence quotient. This concept is replaced by another in which the HIA is understood as a complex phenomenon of a genetic and environmental nature This is the result of a covariation along the life path between endogenous and exogenous forces, modulators of the high potential (predictor factor) towards the optimal expression, or not, of its eminence in adulthood. Then, HIA implies the conjunction of a starting biological diversity (the high potential), a psychological diversity related to the exploitation of biological resources in useful functions and knowledge, and a contextual diversity configured by different family conditions, as well as socio-cultural and economic contexts.

[Perfectionism and high intellectual capacity].

Perfectionism is a psychological construct related o excellence and an optimal manifestation of high intellectual ability (HIA). The main goal of the present work was to compare types and dimensions of perfectionism in students with HIA and an age-gender matched comparison group. We selected 137 participants with diagnosis of HIA and a comparison group of 137 matched by gender and age.

[Educational intervention for the expression of cognitive excellence].

The aim of the study is a reflection on the current standing of giftedness research and the effectiveness of gifted education in order to facilitate its optimal developmental trajectory from potential to eminence. The necessity of rethinking high intellectual ability as a developmental process is exposed from a new paradigm sustained by research results that could lead us to a better understanding of its nature and functioning as the product of the inter-relation of predictor factors and psychosocial modulators across the development, and the participation of executive functions on cognitive management. Rethinking giftedness education is needed, too, in order to prepare young people for outstanding achievement or eminence.

[Psychoeducational intervention in high ability: intellectual functioning and extracurricular enrichment].

The 'new paradigm' defines the high intellectual ability as a potential that should crystallize progressively throughout development. Its main feature is a high intellectual initial multidimensional potential, which is transformed so that, being a person with high intellectual ability is the result of a developmental process from a neurobiological substrate and the incidence of variables (psychosocial and education) which determines its manifestation more or less stable and optimal to excellence. It is interesting to know the effectiveness of psychoeducational intervention of the extracurricular enrichment programs and their effects on the expression of differential functioning and the optimization of the management of cognitive resources that lead to excellence.

[High intellectual capacity, problem-solving and creativity].

The aim of the study is focused on the characteristics and components of creativity as a multidimensional construct in the context of intelligence, divergent thinking and problem solving, and their incorporation into the definition and explanation of intellectual functioning of giftedness and talent. It shows the progress of the investigation from the initial postulates of Guilford about the nature and cognitive processes involved in the creative act, its features and components, development and differential expression in the high intellectual ability, and the neurological correlates neuropsychological research is beginning to show. We present the results obtained with 41 participants with high intellectual capacity profiles of giftedness or talent of 6 to 14 years.

[High intellectual capacity: perfectionism and metacognitive regulation].

The aim of this study is a better understanding of the high intellectual abilities. From the emergent paradigm, high intellectual abilities are understood as multidimensional and as the result of the life-span development, this is to say, not only the result of their neurobiological bases but of the interrelation among opportunity, personality, psychosocial factors and individual effort. This theoretical study analyses the differences between excellence and perfectionism, their types and incidence on high intellectual ability functioning.

[Metacognitive functioning in gifted children].

Introduction: Empirical evidence shows that there is a close relationship between cognitive management abilities and intellectual functioning. The relationship between them in cases of high intellectual capacity is especially interesting to be able to understand their differential functioning. AIMS.

Early infant cognitive assessment: validity of an instrument.

The present study represents a contribution to the assessment of infant cognitive development by presenting a valid instrument for observing the development of logical reasoning and executive function during the second year of life-key processes in the construction of human knowledge. The instrument constructed, called ELEDA (Early Logical and Executive Development Assessment), was a combined or mixed observation instrument composed of field formats and category systems. Its validity was calculated using generalizability theory, which enables different sources of error affecting a behavioral measurement to be analyzed jointly.