Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery: state of the art towards efficient treatment of recalcitrant respiratory tract bacterial infections.

Recalcitrant respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria have emerged as one of the greatest health challenges worldwide. Aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is becoming increasingly attractive to combat such infections, as it allows targeted delivery of high drug concentrations to the infected organ while limiting systemic exposure. However, successful aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is still challenged by the diverse biological barriers in infected lungs.

Synthesis of carbon quantum dot-poly lactic-co-glycolic acid hybrid nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy against bacterial biofilms.

Bacterial biofilm represents a protected mode of bacterial growth that significantly enhances the resistance to antibiotics. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based nanoparticle delivery systems have been intensively investigated to combat the bacterial biofilms-associated infections. However, some drawbacks associated with current PLGA-based nanoformulations (e.

Ultrasmall TPGS-PLGA Hybrid Nanoparticles for Site-Specific Delivery of Antibiotics into Biofilms in Lungs.

Inhaled antibiotic treatment of cystic fibrosis-related bacterial biofilm infections is challenging because of the pathological environment of the lungs. Here, we present an "environment-adaptive" nanoparticle composed of a solid poly lactic--glycolic acid (PLGA) core and a mucus-inert, enzymatically cleavable shell of d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) for the site-specific delivery of antibiotics to bacterial biofilms via aerosol administration. The hybrid nanoparticles with ultrasmall size were self-assembled via a nanoprecipitation process by using a facile microfluidic method.

Biopolymer nanogels improve antibacterial activity and safety profile of a novel lysine-based α-peptide/β-peptoid peptidomimetic.

Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. These bacteria frequently grow within a biofilm matrix, rendering therapy with conventional antibiotics inefficient; a fact that emphasizes the need for new treatment strategies. Antimicrobial peptidomimetics constitute potential alternatives to traditional antimicrobial agents.

Lipid Shell-Enveloped Polymeric Nanoparticles with High Integrity of Lipid Shells Improve Mucus Penetration and Interaction with Cystic Fibrosis-Related Bacterial Biofilms.

Nanoparticle (NP) mediated drug delivery into viscous biomatrices, e.g., mucus and bacterial biofilms, is challenging.

Combining diagnostic methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing - A comparative approach.

Background: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is a measure of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of a given antibiotic but provides insufficient information when bacterial killing is crucial, e.g., when treating immunocompromised patients.

Ciprofloxacin-loaded sodium alginate/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) electrospun fibrous mats for wound healing.

Wound dressings should ideally be able to maintain high humidity, remove excess wound exudate, permit thermal insulation, provide certain mechanical strength, and in some cases deliver antibiotics to prevent infections. Until now, none of the existing wound dressing products can meet all these requirements. To design a wound dressing with as many of the aforementioned features as possible, in this study, we attempted to prepare ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic, loaded electrospun hydrophobic poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibrous mats modified with hydrophilic sodium alginate (ALG) microparticles.

Inhalable Antimicrobials for Treatment of Bacterial Biofilm-Associated Sinusitis in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Challenges and Drug Delivery Approaches.

Bacterial biofilm-associated chronic sinusitis in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients caused by infections and the lack of available treatments for such infections constitute a critical aspect of CF disease management. Currently, inhalation therapies to combat infections in CF patients are focused mainly on the delivery of antimicrobials to the lower respiratory tract, disregarding the sinuses. However, the sinuses constitute a reservoir for growth, leading to re-infection of the lungs, even after clearing an initial lung infection.