Diet quality in young adulthood and sleep at midlife: a prospective analysis in the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Background: Diet and sleep are both established risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Prior evidence suggests a potential link between these behaviors, though longitudinal evidence for how diet associates with sleep is scarce. This study aimed to determine the prospective association between diet quality in young adulthood and multiple sleep outcomes at midlife in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS).

Association of Age at Menarche with Inflammation and Glucose Metabolism Biomarkers in U.S. Adult Women: NHANES 1999-2018.

Context: Early age at menarche (AAM) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes later in life, but the pathogenic pathways that confer increased risk remain unknown.

Objective: We examined the associations between AAM and inflammatory and glucose metabolism biomarkers among U.S.

Passive antibody transfer from pregnant women to their fetus are maximized after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination irrespective of prior infection.

Background: Pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of adverse symptoms and outcomes for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for both mother and neonate. Antibodies can provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and are induced in pregnant women after vaccination or infection. Passive transfer of these antibodies from mother to fetus may provide protection to the neonate against infection.

Age at menarche, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease complications in US women aged under 65 years: NHANES 1999-2018.

Background: Diabetes and diabetes complications are on the rise in US adults aged <65 years, while onset of menarche at a younger age is also increasing. We examined the associations of age at menarche with type 2 diabetes among women aged <65 years and with cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications among women with diabetes.

Methods: Using the nationally representative cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018, women aged 20-65 years free of cancer were included in the current analysis.

Diet quality in young adulthood and sleep at midlife: a prospective analysis in the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Background: Diet and sleep are both established risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Prior evidence suggests a potential link between these behaviors, though evidence for how they associate with each is scarce. This study aimed to determine the association between diet quality in young adulthood and multiple sleep outcomes at midlife in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS).

Prenatal Infection by Respiratory Viruses Is Associated with Immunoinflammatory Responses in the Fetus.

Respiratory viral infections can be transmitted from pregnant women to their offspring, but frequency, mechanisms, and postnatal outcomes remain unclear. The aims of this prospective cohort study were to compare the frequencies of transplacental transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), analyze the concentrations of inflammatory mediators in maternal and fetal blood, and assess clinical consequences. We recruited pregnant women who developed upper respiratory infections or tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.

The association between preconception cannabis use and gestational diabetes mellitus: The Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures Influencing health and Development (PrePARED) consortium.

Background: The metabolic changes that ultimately lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) likely begin before pregnancy. Cannabis use might increase the risk of GDM by increasing appetite or promoting fat deposition and adipogenesis.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the association between preconception cannabis use and GDM incidence.

Diet Quality and Sleep Characteristics in Midlife: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

Background: Sleep and diet contribute to cardiometabolic disease, but evidence is sparse for the association between these behaviors. This study analyzed the cross-sectional relationship between diet quality and multiple sleep outcomes in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS).

Methods: Diet and sleep characteristics, including insomnia and sleep apnea symptoms, were measured with validated questionnaires.

Large-Scale Data Harmonization Across Prospective Studies.

The Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures Influencing Health and Development (PrePARED) Consortium creates a novel resource for addressing preconception health by merging data from numerous cohort studies. In this paper, we describe our data harmonization methods and results. Individual-level data from 12 prospective studies were pooled.

Habitual coffee consumption and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals with a history of gestational diabetes - a prospective study.

Background: Females with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) later in life.

Objective: This study prospectively examined whether greater habitual coffee consumption was related to a lower risk of T2D among females with a history of GDM.

Methods: We followed 4522 participants with a history of GDM in the NHS II for incident T2D between 1991 and 2017.

SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody trajectories in mothers and infants over two months following maternal infection.

Infants exposed to caregivers infected with SARS-CoV-2 may have heightened infection risks relative to older children due to their more intensive care and feeding needs. However, there has been limited research on COVID-19 outcomes in exposed infants beyond the neonatal period. Between June 2020 - March 2021, we conducted interviews and collected capillary dried blood spots from 46 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and their infants (aged 1-36 months) for up to two months following maternal infection onset (COVID+ group, 87% breastfeeding).

Modifiable risk factors and long term risk of type 2 diabetes among individuals with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the individual and combined associations of five modifiable risk factors with risk of type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus and examine whether these associations differ by obesity and genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Nurses' Health Study II, US.

Cumulative Lactation and Clinical Metabolic Outcomes at Mid-Life among Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes.

Lactation is associated with a lower risk of subsequent cardiometabolic disease among parous women; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Further, the potential protective effects of lactation on cardiometabolic risk markers at mid-life among high-risk women with past gestational diabetes (GDM) are not established. Using data from the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study (2012−2014; n = 577), a longitudinal cohort of women with past GDM from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996−2002), we assessed associations of cumulative lactation duration (none, <6 months, 6−12 months, ≥12−24 months, and ≥24 months) with clinical metabolic outcomes (including type 2 diabetes [T2D], prediabetes, and obesity) and cardiometabolic biomarkers (including biomarkers of glucose/insulin metabolism, fasting lipids, inflammation, and anthropometrics) 9−16 years after enrollment when women were at mid-life.

Associations of Metabolic and Obstetric Risk Parameters with Timing of Lactogenesis II.

Lactogenesis II is the onset of copious milk production following parturition. Delayed onset of lactogenesis II (DLII) often contributes to poorer lactation performance, which may adversely affect maternal and child health. The present study aims to identify the metabolic and obstetric risk factors for DLII in a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study following pregnant women through postpartum.

Milk From Women Diagnosed With COVID-19 Does Not Contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA but Has Persistent Levels of SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgA Antibodies.

Background: Limited data are available regarding the balance of risks and benefits from human milk and/or breastfeeding during and following maternal infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Objective: To investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in milk and on the breast after maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis; and characterize concentrations of milk immunoglobulin (Ig) A specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD) during the 2 months after onset of symptoms or positive diagnostic test.

Methods: Using a longitudinal study design, we collected milk and breast skin swabs one to seven times from 64 lactating women with COVID-19 over a 2-month period, beginning as early as the week of diagnosis.

Oligosaccharides and Microbiota in Human Milk Are Interrelated at 3 Months Postpartum in a Cohort of Women with a High Prevalence of Gestational Impaired Glucose Tolerance.

Background: Human milk is a rich source of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bacteria. It is unclear how these components interact within the breast microenvironment.

Objectives: The objectives were first, to investigate the association between maternal characteristics and HMOs, and second, to assess the association between HMOs and microbial community composition and predicted function in milk from women with high rates of gestational glucose intolerance.

Prepregnancy plant-based diets and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study of 14,926 women.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests beneficial impacts of plant-based diets on glucose metabolism among generally healthy individuals. Whether adherence to these diets is related to risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown.

Objectives: We aimed to examine associations between plant-based diets and GDM in a large prospective study.

Association of Habitual Alcohol Consumption With Long-term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes.

Importance: Women with gestational diabetes are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Identifying modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors, such as alcohol intake, that can be useful in delaying or preventing progression to overt type 2 diabetes is of particular interest.

Objective: To evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes.