Full moon mesencephalon sign: a transient cytotoxic lesion in a hemodialysis patient with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation and severe stenosis of the right vertebral artery.

Brain cytotoxic edema is a neuroradiological sign secondary to variegate diseases ranging from migraine to fulminant Listeria rhombencephalitis. The tempestive identification of its underlying cause is vital for an effective treatment as any delay may be fatal. However, the lack of distinctive imaging biomarkers and the paucity of reports pose a significant challenge in its diagnosis and frequently lead to a misdiagnosis particularly with the more common acute ischemic stroke.

Beevor's sign in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: an old sign with new implications.

Beevor's sign, an upward deflection of the umbilicus on flexion of the neck, is the result of paralysis of the inferior portion of the rectus abdominis muscle, so that the upper fibers predominate, pulling the umbilicus upwards. The condition may be caused by spinal cord injury at or below the level of Th10. It has also been observed in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD).