Air-conditioner cooling towers as complex reservoirs and continuous source of infection evidenced by a genomic analysis study in 2017, Switzerland.

IntroductionWater supply and air-conditioner cooling towers (ACCT) are potential sources of infection in people. During outbreaks, traditional typing methods cannot sufficiently segregate strains to reliably trace back transmissions to these artificial water systems. Moreover, because multiple strains may be present within these systems, methods to adequately distinguish strains are needed.

Enterotoxin Production of Isolates From Biopesticides, Foods, and Outbreaks.

While the relevance of as a major cause of gastroenteritis is undisputed, the role of the closely related in foodborne disease is unclear. strains frequently harbor enterotoxin genes. However, the organism has only very rarely been associated with foodborne outbreaks, possibly due to the fact that during outbreak investigations, is routinely not differentiated from .