Publications by authors named "Sylvere Durand"

Depression is a stress-associated disorder, and it represents a major global health issue. Its pathophysiology is complex and remains insufficiently understood, with current medications often showing limited efficacy and undesirable side effects. Here, we identify imbalanced polyamine levels and dysregulated autophagy as key components of the acute stress response in humans, and as hallmarks of chronic stress and depressive disorders.

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  • ACBP/DBI is a protein linked to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis, showing higher levels in affected patients, correlating strongly with NAFLD and FIB4 scores, regardless of age or body mass index.
  • A study used a monoclonal antibody to neutralize ACBP/DBI in various mouse models of liver disease, resulting in reduced signs of liver damage and halting disease progression.
  • The results suggest ACBP/DBI plays a causal role in liver conditions and could be a potential therapeutic target for treating liver diseases.
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Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting prolong the lifespan and healthspan of model organisms and improve human health. The natural polyamine spermidine has been similarly linked to autophagy enhancement, geroprotection and reduced incidence of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases across species borders. Here, we asked whether the cellular and physiological consequences of caloric restriction and fasting depend on polyamine metabolism.

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  • Tumor immunotherapy, especially in melanoma, is influenced by gut microbiota, which can predict patient survival rates.
  • In the MIND-DC phase III trial, 148 melanoma patients were treated with dendritic cells or placebo, and their gut and serum samples were analyzed for microbial and metabolomic changes.
  • Results indicated that the presence of certain beneficial microbes like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii correlated with better prognosis, suggesting that host-microbe interactions could significantly impact melanoma outcomes.
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  • Liver cancers show significant variability both between individuals and within tumors, complicating diagnosis and treatment development.
  • Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a powerful imaging technique that allows for direct analysis of metabolites in liver cancer samples without altering them.
  • This chapter outlines a protocol for using DESI-MS on liver cancer specimens to identify potential new biomarkers by comparing cancerous tissues to normal liver tissue.
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The metabolic rearrangements of hepatic metabolism associated with liver cancer are still incompletely understood. There is an ongoing need to identify novel and more efficient diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on the metabolic mechanisms of these diseases. In comparison to traditional diagnostic biomarkers, metabolomics is a comprehensive technique for discovering chemical signatures for liver cancer screening, prediction, and earlier diagnosis.

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Autophagy inducers can prevent cardiovascular aging and age-associated diseases including atherosclerosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that autophagy-inducing compounds that act on atherosclerosis-relevant cells might have a protective role in the development of atherosclerosis. Here we identified 3,4-dimethoxychalcone (3,4-DC) as an inducer of autophagy in several cell lines from endothelial, myocardial and myeloid/macrophagic origin, as demonstrated by the aggregation of the autophagosome marker GFP-LC3 in the cytoplasm of cells, as well as the downregulation of its nuclear pool indicative of autophagic flux.

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Transient reprogramming by the expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM) is a therapeutic strategy for tissue regeneration and rejuvenation, but little is known about its metabolic requirements. Here we show that OSKM reprogramming in mice causes a global depletion of vitamin B and molecular hallmarks of methionine starvation. Supplementation with vitamin B increases the efficiency of reprogramming both in mice and in cultured cells, the latter indicating a cell-intrinsic effect.

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Ageing is characterised at the molecular level by six transcriptional 'hallmarks of ageing', that are commonly described as progressively affected as time passes. By contrast, the 'Smurf' assay separates high-and-constant-mortality risk individuals from healthy, zero-mortality risk individuals, based on increased intestinal permeability. Performing whole body total RNA sequencing, we found that Smurfness distinguishes transcriptional changes associated with chronological age from those associated with biological age.

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  • - Antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade in cancer treatment, but we still don’t fully understand how they weaken immune responses.
  • - The study found that after antibiotics, certain gut bacteria lead to a decrease in MAdCAM-1, promoting regulatory T cells to leave the gut and move into tumors, which negatively impacts immune function.
  • - In cancer patients, lower levels of soluble MAdCAM-1 in the blood were associated with poorer outcomes, suggesting that targeting the MAdCAM-1-α4β7 pathway could improve cancer immunotherapy strategies.
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Collagen is one the most abundant proteins and the main cargo of the secretory pathway, contributing to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Here we investigated the possible contribution of the unfolded protein response, the main adaptive pathway that monitors and adjusts the protein production capacity at the endoplasmic reticulum, to collagen biogenesis and liver disease. Genetic ablation of the ER stress sensor IRE1 reduced liver damage and diminished collagen deposition in models of liver fibrosis triggered by carbon tetrachloride (CCl ) administration or by high fat diet.

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Physical activity and nutrition play important roles in preventing adverse health outcomes that accompany aging. It has been shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with citrulline (CIT) supplementation can improve physical and functional capacities. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum metabolites following a 12-week HIIT combined or not with CIT in obese older adults, and to correlate the metabolic changes with clinico-biological parameters changes.

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  • Inflammation is a vital immune response to harm but can become excessive, contributing to various diseases and is not completely understood at the molecular level.
  • The glycoprotein CD44 helps cells take up metals like copper, which, when present in mitochondria of inflammatory macrophages, plays a crucial role in their metabolic and epigenetic changes.
  • Targeting mitochondrial copper with the compound LCC-12 can reduce inflammation and alter macrophage behavior, suggesting a promising new therapeutic approach for managing inflammation and enhancing immune responses.
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A number of studies have assessed the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity on the metabolome of exhaled air, saliva, plasma, and urine to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In spite of the richness of the literature, there is no consensus about the utility of metabolomic analyses for the management of COVID-19, calling for a critical assessment of the literature. We identified mass spectrometric metabolomic studies on specimens from SARS-CoV2-infected patients and subjected them to a cross-study comparison.

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Metabolic regulation of glucose can be altered by fasting periods. We examined glucose metabolism and metabolomics profiles after 12 h and 36 h fasting in non-obese and obese participants and people with type 2 diabetes using oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT). Insulin sensitivity was estimated by established indices and mass spectrometric metabolomics was performed on fasting serum samples.

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Extra-cellular galectins 1, 3 and 9 (gal-1, -3 and -9) are known to act as soluble immunosuppressive agents in various malignancies. Previous publications have suggested that their expression is dependent on the metabolic status of producing cells and reciprocally that they can influence metabolic pathways in their target cells. Very little is known about the status of gal-1, -3 and -9 in patients bearing head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and about their relationships with the systemic metabolic condition.

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Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA)-binding protein (ACBP), also known as diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), is an extracellular feedback regulator of autophagy. Here, we report that injection of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing ACBP/DBI (α-DBI) protects the murine liver against ischemia/reperfusion damage, intoxication by acetaminophen and concanavalin A, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis caused by methionine/choline-deficient diet as well as against liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation or carbon tetrachloride. α-DBI downregulated proinflammatory and profibrotic genes and upregulated antioxidant defenses and fatty acid oxidation in the liver.

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Background: High activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells leads to an increase in immunohistochemically detectable PAR, correlating with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC, as well as reduced tumor infiltration by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Intrigued by this observation, we decided to determine whether PARP1 activity in NSCLC cells may cause an alteration of anticancer immunosurveillance.

Methods: Continuous culture of mouse NSCLC cells in the presence of cisplatin led to the generation of cisplatin-resistant PAR clones.

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Background: The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathway is a key regulator of cellular metabolism and aging. Although its inhibition promotes longevity across species, the effect of attenuated IGF1 signaling on cardiac aging remains controversial.

Methods: We performed a lifelong study to assess cardiac health and lifespan in 2 cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mouse models with enhanced versus reduced IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling.

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