Nuclear envelope-remodeling events as models to assess the potential role of membranes on genome stability.

The nuclear envelope (NE) encloses the genetic material and functions in chromatin organization and stability. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the NE is bound to the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), highly repeated and transcribed, thus prone to genetic instability. While tethering limits instability, it simultaneously triggers notable NE remodeling.

A sterol-PI(4)P exchanger modulates the Tel1/ATM axis of the DNA damage response.

Upon DNA damage, cells activate the DNA damage response (DDR) to coordinate proliferation and DNA repair. Dietary, metabolic, and environmental inputs are emerging as modulators of how DNA surveillance and repair take place. Lipids hold potential to convey these cues, although little is known about how.

Nuclear ingression of cytoplasmic bodies accompanies a boost in autophagy.

Membrane contact sites are functional nodes at which organelles reorganize metabolic pathways and adapt to changing cues. In , the nuclear envelope subdomain surrounding the nucleolus, very plastic and prone to expansion, can establish contacts with the vacuole and be remodeled in response to various metabolic stresses. While using genotoxins with unrelated purposes, we serendipitously discovered a fully new remodeling event at this nuclear subdomain: the nuclear envelope partitions into its regular contact with the vacuole and a dramatic internalization within the nucleus.

Nuclear Lipid Droplet Birth during Replicative Stress.

The nuclear membrane defines the boundaries that confine, protect and shape the genome. As such, its blebbing, ruptures and deformations are known to compromise the integrity of genetic material. Yet, drastic transitions of the nuclear membrane such as its invagination towards the nucleoplasm or its capacity to emit nuclear lipid droplets (nLD) have not been evaluated with respect to their impact on genome dynamics.

Coordination between phospholipid pools and DNA damage sensing.

Background: Both phospholipid synthesis and the detection of DNA damage are coupled to cell cycle progression, yet whether these two aspects crosstalk to each other remains unassessed. We postulate here that shortage of phospholipids, which negatively affects proliferation, may reduce the need for checkpoint activation in response to DNA damage.

Results: To test this hypothesis, we explore here the DNA Damage Response activation in response to seven different genotoxins, in three distinct cell types, and manipulate phospholipid synthesis both pharmacologically and genetically.

Genomics With Regard to Epidemiological and Clinical Investigations Conducted for an Open Chest Postsurgical Infection Outbreak.

Background: Postsurgical infections due to appeared as a novel nosocomial threat in 2015, with a worldwide outbreak due to contaminated heater-cooler units used in open chest surgery. We report the results of investigations conducted in France including whole-genome sequencing comparison of patient and heater-cooler unit isolates.

Methods: We sought infection cases from 2010 onwards through national epidemiological investigations in health care facilities performing cardiopulmonary bypass, together with a survey on good practices and systematic heater-cooler unit microbial analyses.

Lipid Droplets Are a Physiological Nucleoporin Reservoir.

Lipid Droplets (LD) are dynamic organelles that originate in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and mostly bud off toward the cytoplasm, where they store neutral lipids for energy and protection purposes. LD also have diverse proteins on their surface, many of which are necessary for the their correct homeostasis. However, these organelles also act as reservoirs of proteins that can be made available elsewhere in the cell.

First genetic characterisation of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Algeria.

Objectives: To characterise the genotypes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolated in Algeria, where there is a low MDR-MTB incidence rate.

Methods: Ten MDR isolates and one resistant to isoniazid were investigated by PCR-Sanger sequencing for 10 loci involved in resistance. Amplicon-based next generation sequencing (NGS) of 15 loci was additionally performed on isolates harbouring novel mutations.

Use of Andromas and Bruker MALDI-TOF MS in the identification of Neisseria.

Through the past decade, MALDI-TOF MS has been recognized as a fast and robust tool for identification of most bacteria in clinical microbiology. However, the accuracy of this method to identify Neisseria species is still debated, and few data are available about commensal Neisseria species identification. In this study, we assessed two MALDI-TOF MS systems (Bruker Biotyper and Andromas) for the identification of 88, 18, and 29 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and commensal Neisseria species, respectively.

Multidrug-resistant failing treatment with ceftriaxone and doxycycline in France, November 2017.

We report a multidrug-resistant urogenital and pharyngeal infection with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin in a heterosexual woman in her 20s in France. Treatment with ceftriaxone plus doxycycline failed for the pharyngeal localisation. Whole-genome sequencing of isolate F90 identified MLST, NG-MAST ST, NG-STAR, and relevant resistance determinants.

Ceftriaxone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates (2010 to 2014) in France Characterized by Using Whole-Genome Sequencing.

Two extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates were discovered among 6,340 (0.03%) French isolates between 2010 and 2014. One isolate corresponded to the F89 multidrug-resistant N.