Chrysophanol attenuates cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress by TLR4/NFκB-Nrf2/HO-1 and BDNF/VEGF signaling in stress-intensified PTZ induced epilepsy in mice.

Background: Stress is among the most common comorbid conditions with epilepsy and a strong factor in the pathophysiology of seizures. An imbalance in neuronal circuits causes recurrent unprovoked seizures in epilepsy. Dysregulation of BDNF/VEGF expression, oxidative stress, increased levels of neuroinflammatory cytokines, and increased expression of apoptotic genes contribute to the underlying cause of the seizure.

Effect of Bacillus clausii in attenuating symptoms of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by modulating NFkB pathway and oxidative stress in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a condition characterized by inflammation and ulcer formation in the colon and rectum due to genetic and environmental factors. It is a common condition, with a global prevalence rate exceeding 0.3%.

Self-assembled latanoprost loaded soluplus nanomicelles as an ophthalmic drug delivery system for the management of glaucoma.

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), is managed with medications like latanoprost (LAT), a prostaglandin analogue, to enhance aqueous outflow. Despite the challenge posed by eye anatomy and tear dynamics, effective ocular bioavailability via topical administration remains elusive. This study aims to optimize self-assembled nanomicelles incorporating LAT, an anti-glaucoma drug, belonging to BCS Class II (low solubility and high permeability) via a two-level, two-factor full factorial design, the nanomicelles were formulated via direct dissolution method and validated using design of expert.

Safety assessment of novel oxadiazole derivatives in acute and sub-acute toxicity studies.

1,3,4-Oxadiazole is a fascinating heterocyclic compound with a unique five-membered ring structure containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms. It has garnered significant attention for its interactions and activities within biological systems. This versatility has led to the production of several ligands using this compound as a pharmacophore.

AI-driven drug discovery: Exploring Abaucin as a promising treatment against multidrug-resistant .

Background And Aims: This study presents a comprehensive overview of a well-recognized critical pathogen and demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in discovering new antibiotics. It is well-known for causing serious infections, especially in patients admitted to intensive care units, which is further compromised by bacterium's resistance to even last-resort antibiotics like carbapenems, posing critical challenges in its treatment and eradication. This article discusses Abaucin, a revolutionary antibiotic created from artificial intelligence, as a creative and potential treatment for .

Microplastic accumulation in groundwater: Data-scaled insights and future research.

Given that microplastics (MPs) in groundwater have been concerned for risks to humans and ecosystems with increased publications, a Contrasting Analysis of Scales (CAS) approach is developed by this study to synthesize all existing data into a hierarchical understanding of MP accumulation in groundwater. Within the full data of 386 compiled samples, the median abundance of MPs in Open Groundwater (OG) and Closed Groundwater (CG) were 4.4 and 2.

Tamoxifen-Loaded Eudragit Nanoparticles: Quality by Design Approach for Optimization of Nanoparticles as Delivery System.

Nanoparticles have numerous applications as drug carriers in drug delivery. The aim of the study was to produce tamoxifen nanoparticles with a defined size and higher encapsulation for efficient tissue uptake with controlled drug release. The quality by design approach was utilized to produce tamoxifen-loaded Eudragit nanoparticles by identifying the significant process variables using the nanoprecipitation method.

Transdermal Delivery of Glimepiride: A Novel Approach Using Nanomicelle-Embedded Microneedles.

Glimepiride (GM) is a hydrophobic drug that dissolves slowly and yields inconsistent clinical responses after oral administration. Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is an appropriate alternative to oral administration. Microneedles (MNs) offer a promising delivery system that penetrates the skin, while polymeric micelles can enhance the solubility; hence, the combination of both results in high drug bioavailability.

Vaccine Adjuvants: Selection Criteria, Mechanism of Action Associated with Immune Responses and Future Directions.

The most effective method to minimize the prevalence of infectious diseases is vaccination. Vaccines enhance immunity and provide protection against different kinds of infections. Subunit vaccines are safe and less toxic, but due to their lower immunogenicity, they need adjuvants to boost the immune system.

First insight into the occurrence, spatial distribution, sources, and risks assessment of antibiotics in groundwater from major urban-rural settings of Pakistan.

Antibiotics contamination in the water environment is a high priority global concern. Growing levels of antibiotics in freshwater resources, especially groundwater, due to anthropogenic sources such as pharmaceutical and veterinary applications, are alarming. The present study aims to investigate the occurrence, spatial distribution, source apportionment, ecological, and human health risks of antibiotics (n = 23) in groundwater samples (n = 144) of highly populated cities of Pakistan.

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in groundwater: A global review on dissemination, sources, interactions, environmental and human health risks.

The discovery and evolution of antibiotics for humans and animals are among the most significant milestones of the 20th century. However, antibiotics play a significant role in the induction and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in groundwater that has recently become the primary environmental concern. They are administrated to humans and animals on a large scale and are persistent in the environment.