Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)'s multidimensional approach on rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units in 22 hospitals of 14 cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: To analyze the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Multidimensional Approach (IMA) and use of INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS) on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates in Saudi Arabia from September 2013 to February 2017.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective, before-after surveillance study on 14,961 patients in 37 intensive care units (ICUs) of 22 hospitals. During baseline, we performed outcome surveillance of VAP applying the definitions of the CDC/NHSN.

Prospective multicentre study in intensive care units in five cities from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional approach on rates of central line-associated bloodstream infection.

Objective: To analyse the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Multidimensional Approach (IMA) and INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS) on central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in five intensive care units (ICUs) from October 2013 to September 2015.

Design: Prospective, before-after surveillance study of 3769 patients hospitalised in four adult ICUs and one paediatric ICU in five hospitals in five cities. During baseline, we performed outcome and process surveillance of CLABSI applying CDC/NHSN definitions.

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) disease progression and viral activity: a seroepidemiological and molecular study.

Objective: To determine the frequency and epidemiological characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection, HIV disease progression, immune status and viral activity.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Microbiology, University of the Punjab and Institute of Public Health, Lahore, from September 2005 to August 2008.

Application of ventilator care bundle and its impact on ventilator associated pneumonia incidence rate in the adult intensive care unit.

Objective: To reduce ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence rate, lessen the cost of care, and correlate VAP bundles compliance with VAP incidence rate.

Methods: This study was a prospective longitudinal study conducted on adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients at Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January to December 2010. The following Institute for Healthcare Improvement VAP prevention bundle was applied: head-of-bed elevation; daily sedation-vacation along with a readiness-to-wean assessment; peptic ulcer disease (PUD) prophylaxis; and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis.

Profile of bacterial pneumonia during Hajj.

Background & Objectives: The congregation of a large number of people during Hajj seasons from different parts of the world in overcrowded conditions within a confined area for a long period of time presents many public health challenges and health risks. One of the main health problems of the crowding is ease transmission of pneumonia by air droplets. This study was aimed to determine the most common causes of bacterial pneumonia during the 2005 Hajj season and to relate the findings with clinical conditions.

Hand hygiene compliance rate among healthcare professionals.

Objective: To motivate healthcare professionals, with a focus on improving hand hygiene compliance.

Methods: An observational, prospective, longitudinal study was conducted on the evaluation of hand hygiene compliance at Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from May 2009 to May 2010. Four components to improve hand hygiene compliance were implied; daily audit, monthly staff education; quarterly workshops of hand hygiene, and education material distribution.

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus on clinical isolates and efficacy of laboratory tests to diagnose MRSA: a multi-centre study.

Background: The global problem of increasing trend in antimicrobial resistance is particularly pressing in the developing countries, where the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is often the severe casual agent in hospital-acquired infections.

Methods: This multi-centre surveillance prospective study was planned to define the magnitude of problem of MRSA among clinical isolates from four teaching hospitals of Lahore Pakistan; Mayo, Services, Jinnah and Shaikh Zayed Hospitals during April 2006-March 2008. Identification of organisms was done by the standard Microbiology methods.

Medical response planning for pandemic flu.

This quantitative research study evaluates the health care infrastructure necessary to provide medical care in US hospitals during a flu pandemic. These hospitals are identified within the US health care system because they operate airborne infectious isolation rooms. Data were obtained from the 2006 American Hospital Association annual survey.

Misdiagnosis of an imported case of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum.

An unusual case of malaria presented with gastroenteritis and bloody diarrhoea in a 46-year-old male. The patient was a non-Saudi resident of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Fever was not the presenting complaint, and the patient had not experienced any chills or sweating.

Multi-drug resistant Ewingella americana.

We report a case of pneumonia due to multi-drug resistant Ewingella americana in a young patient admitted in the Intensive Care Unit of Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia with severe head injury in a road traffic accident. He was an Indonesian pilgrim who had traveled to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj in December 2007. Ewingella americana was identified to be the pathogen of pneumonia with clinical signs and symptoms along with positive radiological findings.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer diseases.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among patients presenting with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and to establish the relationship between H. pylori infection and its diverse pathology.

Accuracy of current oxacillin sensitivity tests routinely used in hospitals in Western Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of the current oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) detection test used in Makkah hospitals in comparison with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) method.

Methods: A total of 500 S.

Pyoderma among Hajj Pilgrims in Makkah.

Objective: Bacterial skin infections have been considered as a possible health problem of the Hajj pilgrims. Significant increase in the rate of resistance to commonly used antibiotics against gram positive organisms has been observed. The present study was planned to obtain the microbiological profile of bacterial skin infections and their susceptibility to antimicrobials.