Identification of appropriate tools to gauge brain functions in a clinical setup of a developing country: A pilot study.

Objective: To identify the most appropriate tools to measure functions of the brain that can be utilized in the clinical setups of developing countries.

Methods: This qualitative research with a three-step approach was carried out from January 2022 to May 2022 at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Pakistan. Firstly, literature was searched to identify main brain faculties, then interviews were conducted with regional field experts to identify appropriate scales for the selected functions.

A New Clinical Sign In Meningitis-Jamil's Sign.

Background: This study explored a new clinical sign in meningitis: neck stiffness in lateral position, also known as Jamil's sign.

Methods: A patient was placed in the left lateral position. The examiner held the patient's occiput with his left hand and the chin with his right hand.

An Early Presentation Of Supraglottic Laryngeal Paraganglioma: Case Report And Review Of Literature.

A thirty-year-old male presented with progressive hoarseness and dysphagia for solids. Fibre optic laryngoscopy showed a right supraglottic mass. Subsequent CT imaging showed the location and extent of the mass.

Primary Hydatid Disease Of Chest Wall.

Hydatid disease-a parasitic medical condition caused by echinococcus, is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind. Primary hydatid disease of the chest wall is very rare and only nine cases have been reported so far in the literature. This study presents a case of primary hydatid chest wall in a patient with right infraclavicular swelling that increased in size suddenly.

Case Report: Can we differentiate mesothelioma from inflammatory pericardial constriction preoperatively?

Primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma (PMPM) is a rare cardiac tumor. The patient usually presents with pericardial constriction, usually misdiagnosed and wrongly managed. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman with a history of pericarditis and cardiac tamponade.

Intraorbital, Infratemporal And Intracranial Extensions As The First Presentation Of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma.

Metastatic skull deposits from follicular thyroid carcinoma are rare, and let alone this being the primary presenting symptom with no history of thyroid cancer is exceptionally rarer. A 40-yearold female patient presented with a mass in the temporal and occipital region of the skull. Fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed multiple fragments of a neoplasm composed of variably sized follicles lined by tumour cells having pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei.

Plasma Cell Leukaemia: A Rare Yet Aggressive Plasma Cell Dyscrasia With A Very Poor Response To Conventional Therapy.

Plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is a very rare plasma cell dyscrasia with a significant number of monoclonal plasma cells in the peripheral blood. It is diagnosed by the presence of ≥ 2x109 /L plasma cells in the blood or by plasma cells making up ≥20% of the leukocyte count. It can arise from a leukemic transformation of multiple myeloma, or more commonly it can be primary.

Resolution Of Gestational Gigantomastia With Termination Of Pregnancy.

Less than 100 cases of gestational gigantomastia have been described in literature. The aetiology and risk factors are not well-established. Various treatments have been used with some consensus.

Pregnant Lady With Undiagnosed Hodgkin's Disease Presenting As Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis.

Hodgkin's lymphoma. A 25 years old lady, 34 weeks primigravida was referred from the Emergency Department to the Medical Unit Khyber Teaching Hospital-MTI, Peshawar with four weeks of fever, progressive jaundice, pruritus, night sweats and weight loss. LFTs showed cholestatic picture, ERCP showed scanty intrahepatic giving beading and autumn tree appearance typical of sclerosing cholangitis.

A case of Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease in a 16 year old girl.

Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH) is an autoimmune disease with widespread systemic manifestations. It typically presents with bilateral sudden painless loss of vision. It is mainly characterized by serous retinal detachment, iridocyclitis and choroidal swelling.

Angiofibroma In A 50-Year-Old Patient.

Juvenile Angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign tumour that tends to bleed and occur in the nasopharynx with most cases occurring in pre-pubertal and adolescent males 10-20 years. We present the case of a 50-year-old male shopkeeper who consulted the ENT out patients' department (OPD) of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH) with the chief complaint of right sided nasal obstruction for the last 2.5 months which was associated with two episodes of epistaxis and diplopia which started 2 months back.

Cerebral Oximetry Use For Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Studies have shown maintaining good cerebral perfusion during Cardiac Surgeries is very important in terms of patient outcomes and reducing the hospital stay, which may have its financial and clinical implications. The aim of this review study was to determine the effectiveness of Cerebral Oximetry (Transcranial Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-NIRS to monitor cerebral oxygenation) for Cardiac Surgery and to propose a possible concluding remark about its potential applications, overall clinical value and whether to keep using it or not.

Methods: Medical database and archives including Pubmed, Embase, index medicus, index copernicus and Medline were searched.

Pleomorphic Adenoma Of Minor Salivary Glands.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumour of salivary glands which is Known for its wide pleomorphic architecture. It accounts for 45-75% of all salivary gland neoplasm. It can involve major as well as minor salivary glands.

Pancreatic Duct Stones.

pancreatitis appears to exist in the presence of such calculi upon radiology. Having said that, pancreatic ductal stone due to biliary causes (origin), in face of acute pancreatitis, is rare. To the best of our knowledge this was the first case of its kind presented to our hospital in recent past.

Eales Disease.

Eales disease is an eponym after a British ophthalmologist Henry Eales. The aetiology behind Eales disease is ill-understood and stands controversial. Various systemic diseases associated with peripheral retinal revascularization and Retinal vasculitis could imitate the proliferative and inflammatory phases of Eales' disease, respectively.