Challenges and opportunities in the uptake of simulation in healthcare education in the developing world: a scoping review.

Background: Simulation is increasingly being adopted by healthcare educators throughout the developed world as it offers a safe environment to practice skills. While there is literature on learning via simulation in healthcare in the developed world, more studies are required to investigate the factors influencing this approach in the developing world.

Objective: This scoping review highlights the key factors that act as deterrents as well as encouragement to the uptake of simulation as a teaching methodology in healthcare education in developing countries.

Gastrointestinal Amyloidosis as a Cause of Anemia: Rare and Rarely Considered.

Gastrointestinal involvement in amyloidosis is reported in 3% of cases, mostly associated with multiple myeloma. An elderly man with chronic kidney disease presented to the hospital after a large melenic bowel movement. The patient was tachycardic and anemic to 3.

Case Report of a Missed Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma on an Upper Endoscopy-A Review of Small Bowel Diagnostic Modalities.

Background: Small bowel neoplasms (SBN) are rare but pose a significant diagnostic challenge. The routine upper endoscopy delays the diagnosis, and most cases require multiple investigations increasing the health care burden.

Case Summary: A 74-year-old man presented with two months of progressively worsening postprandial bilious emesis and epigastric abdominal pain.

Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: The Link between Gut, Heart, and Kidneys.

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a five times higher risk of gastrointestinal bleed (GIB) and mortality than the general population. Aortic stenosis (AS) has been associated with GIB from intestinal angiodysplasia. In this retrospective analysis, we obtained data from the 2012 and 2019 National Inpatient Sample.

Clinical spectrum of sarcoidosis in patients at a tertiary care hospital, Pakistan: Ten-year follow-up study.

Objective: To identify the local patterns of manifestations, organ involvement other than lungs, diagnostic tools and treatment regimens related to patients of sarcoidosis.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted from November 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020, at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data of sarcoidosis patients who needed hospitalisation between 2009 and 2019. The entire clinical spectrum was noted based on organ involvement.

Community acquired versus hospital acquired acute kidney injury; causes and outcome.

Objective: To evaluate causes of community-acquired and hospital-acquired acute kidney injury and the factors associated with increased inpatient mortality.

Methods: The observational prospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2018 to March 2019, and comprised patients having acute kidney injury either at the time of admission in group A or developed it after 48 hours of hospital stay in group B. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks and outcomes were categorised as recovered, developed chronic kidney disease, died or remained dialysis-dependent.

Online Medical Education and Examinations during COVID-19: Perspectives of a Teaching Associate.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only challenged global health systems but also social, economic, and educational systems. In this short communication, our focus is on its impact on medical education in Pakistan. We discuss the structure of undergraduate medical education in Pakistan; and how it has evolved in the wake of COVID-19.

Online Medical Education and Examinations during COVID-19: Perspectives of a Teaching Associate.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only challenged global health systems but also social, economic, and educational systems. In this short communication, our focus is on its impact on medical education in Pakistan. We discuss the structure of undergraduate medical education in Pakistan; and how it has evolved in the wake of COVID-19.

Changes in vitamin E levels as a marker of female infertility.

Objective: To study the impact of Vitamin E (VE) levels of follicular fluid (FF) on oocyte competence, embryo development and pregnancy outcome in patients after intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Islamabad Clinic Serving Infertile Couples in which follicular fluid of 137 females booked for ICSI, was obtained during oocyte retrieval, centrifuged and stored for analysis. VE levels in FF were analyzed by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay.

Emergency and trauma care in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study of healthcare levels.

Background: The importance of emergency medical care for the successful functioning of health systems has been increasingly recognised. This study aimed to evaluate emergency and trauma care facilities in four districts of the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

Method: We conducted a cross-sectional health facility survey in four districts of the province of Sindh in Pakistan using a modified version of WHO's Guidelines for essential trauma care.

Undergraduate clerkship in emergency medicine: experience from Pakistan.

Although Emergency Medicine (EM) is an integral part of undergraduate medical curriculum in many countries, it has not been included formally in the MBBS curriculum in Pakistan. Medical graduates are supposed to be able to handle common as well as life threatening emergencies but little has been done to ensure the process to achieve this competence. The development of an undergraduate EM curriculum is important but challenging task.