Adaptation on xylose improves glucose-xylose co-utilization and ethanol production in a carbon catabolite repression (CCR) compromised ethanologenic strain.

Background: Sugar hydrolysates from lignocellulosic biomass are majorly composed of glucose and xylose that can be fermented to biofuels. Bacteria, despite having the natural ability to consume xylose are unable to consume it in presence of glucose due to a carbon catabolite repression (CCR) mechanism. This leads to overall reduced productivity as well as incomplete xylose utilization due to ethanol build-up from glucose utilization.

Histopathological Features Of Denosumab Treated Giant Cell Tumours Of Bone "A Single Institutional Experience" At A Tertiary Care Center, Karachi.

Background: Giant cell tumour (GCT) is a primary benign, locally aggressive bone tumour. Treatment is surgical however, denosumab has been increasingly used as a treatment in recurrent or unresectable locally advanced GCT because of its effect in reducing tumour size. Denosumab treated GCT can exhibit a wide array of histopathological features resulting in diagnostic problems for pathologists.

Deletion of pgi gene in E. coli increases tolerance to furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in media containing glucose-xylose mixture.

Background: Furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) are key furan inhibitors that are generated due to breakdown of lignocellulosic sugars at high temperature and acidic treatment conditions. Both furfural and 5-HMF act in a synergistic manner to inhibit microbial metabolism and resistance to both is a desirable characteristic for efficient conversion of lignocellulosic carbon to ethanol. Genetic manipulations targeted toward increasing cellular NADPH pools have successfully imparted tolerance against furfural and 5-HMF.

Temporal Trends in the Prevalence of Diabetes Decompensation (Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State) Among Adult Patients Hospitalized with Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Analysis Stratified by Age, Gender, and Race.

Background Disproportionate change in the burden of diabetes mellitus across various subgroups has been reported in the United States. However, changing landscape of the prevalence and mortality of decompensated diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)) remains indistinct across various age, gender, and racial groups of hospitalized diabetics. Methods The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) datasets (2007-2014) were sought to assess the prevalence and temporal trends in decompensated diabetes stratified by age, gender, and race and related in-hospital outcomes among the adult patients hospitalized with diabetes using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes.

Improvement in ethanol productivity of engineered E. coli strain SSY13 in defined medium via adaptive evolution.

E. coli has the ability to ferment both C5 and C6 sugars and produce mixture of acids along with small amount of ethanol. In our previous study, we reported the construction of an ethanologenic E.

The spectrum of neurological complications in Pakistani patients with malignancies.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and nature of neurological complications related to malignancy in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with malignancy, having neurological symptoms, admitted to The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Results: There were a total of 178 admissions among 152 patients, with more than half (50.

Efficacy and safety of melphalan, arsenic trioxide and ascorbic acid combination therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a prospective, multicentre, phase II, single-arm study.

We assessed the safety and efficacy of melphalan, arsenic trioxide (ATO) and ascorbic acid (AA) (MAC) combination therapy for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who failed more than two different prior regimens. Patients received melphalan (0.1 mg/kg p.