Samae Dam chicken: a variety of the Pradu Hang Dam breed revealed from microsatellite genotyping data.

Objective: The remarkable adaptability to the environment, high growth rate, meat with good taste and aroma, and ornamental appearance of the Pradu Hang Dam (PDH) and Samae Dam (SD) chickens make them valuable for improvement of poultry production to enhance food security. However, despite their close phenotypic similarity, distinct classification of PDH and SD chickens remains controversial. Thus, this study aimed to clarify genetic origins and variation between PDH and SD chickens, genetic diversity and structures of PDH and SD chickens.

Small but Mighty: Genetic Diversity of the Thai Ridgeback Dog Population.

Originating in Thailand, the Thai Ridgeback dog is known for its unique fur ridge that grows in the opposite direction along its back. Selective breeding and a limited populations in Thailand have led to significant close inbreeding among related individuals. The current Thai Ridgeback population is assumed to have experienced a loss of genetic diversity and bottleneck events.

Weak purifying selection in allelic diversity of the ADSL gene in indigenous and local chicken breeds and red junglefowl in Thailand.

High levels of purine and uric acid, which are associated with health issues such as gout and cardiovascular disease, are found in the meat of fast-growing broiler chickens, which raises concerns about the quality of chicken meat and the health of the consumers who consume it. High genetic homogeneity and uniformity, particularly in genes involved in the synthesis of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and subsequent process of purine synthesis, which are associated with the meat quality, are exhibited in commercial broiler chickens owing to intensive inbreeding programs. Adenosine succinate lyase (ADSL) is a key enzyme involved in de novo purine biosynthetic pathway and its genetic polymorphisms affect IMP metabolism and purine content.

Optimizing Bangkaew dog breed identification using DNA technology.

Background: The Bangkaew dog is an indigenous dog breed in the Phitsanulok province of Thailand. This breed is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), a global canine organization. The unique traits of the Bangkaew breed lead to purebred selection for breeding, while only their traits and pedigree from parental history are recorded.

Regulation and function of transposable elements in cancer genomes.

Over half of human genomic DNA is composed of repetitive sequences generated throughout evolution by prolific mobile genetic parasites called transposable elements (TEs). Long disregarded as "junk" or "selfish" DNA, TEs are increasingly recognized as formative elements in genome evolution, wired intimately into the structure and function of the human genome. Advances in sequencing technologies and computational methods have ushered in an era of unprecedented insight into how TE activity impacts human biology in health and disease.

Research Note: Possible influence of thermal selection on patterns of HSP70 and HSP90 gene polymorphisms in Thai indigenous and local chicken breeds and red junglefowls.

The thermal stress caused by global climate change adversely affects the welfare, productivity, and reproductive performance of farm animals, including chickens, and causes substantial economic losses. However, the understanding of the genetic basis of the indigenous chicken adaptation to high ambient temperatures is limited. Hence, to reveal the genetic basis of thermal stress adaptation in chickens, this study investigated polymorphisms in the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90 genes, known mechanisms of cellular defense against thermal stress in indigenous and local chicken breeds and red junglefowls in Thailand.

Hi-C sequencing unravels dynamic three-dimensional chromatin interactions in muntjac lineage: insights from chromosome fusions in Fea's muntjac genome.

Eukaryotes have varying numbers and structures of characteristic chromosomes across lineages or species. The evolutionary trajectory of species may have been affected by spontaneous genome rearrangements. Chromosome fusion drastically alters karyotypes.

Preserving Pure Siamese Crocodile Populations: A Comprehensive Approach Using Multi-Genetic Tools.

Hybrids between the critically endangered Siamese crocodile () and least-concern saltwater crocodile () in captive populations represent a serious challenge for conservation and reintroduction programs due to the impact of anthropogenic activities. A previous study used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA data to establish the criteria for identifying species and their hybrids; however, the results may have been influenced by biased allelic frequencies and genetic drift within the examined population. To overcome these limitations and identify the true signals of selection, alternative DNA markers and a diverse set of populations should be employed.

Disclosing the hidden nucleotide sequences: a journey into DNA barcoding of raptor species in public repositories.

Background: In nucleotide public repositories, studies discovered data errors which resulted in incorrect species identification of several accipitrid raptors considered for conservation. Mislabeling, particularly in cases of cryptic species complexes and closely related species, which were identified based on morphological characteristics, was discovered. Prioritizing accurate species labeling, morphological taxonomy, and voucher documentation is crucial to rectify spurious data.

Optimizing Microsatellite Marker Panels for Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Studies: An Ant Colony Algorithm Approach with Polymorphic Information Content.

Microsatellites are polymorphic and cost-effective. Optimizing reduced microsatellite panels using heuristic algorithms eases budget constraints in genetic diversity and population genetic assessments. Microsatellite marker efficiency is strongly associated with its polymorphism and is quantified as the polymorphic information content ().

Overcoming taxonomic challenges in DNA barcoding for improvement of identification and preservation of clariid catfish species.

DNA barcoding without assessing reliability and validity causes taxonomic errors of species identification, which is responsible for disruptions of their conservation and aquaculture industry. Although DNA barcoding facilitates molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of species, its availability in clariid catfish lineage remains uncertain. In this study, DNA barcoding was developed and validated for clariid catfish.

MicrosatNavigator: exploring nonrandom distribution and lineage-specificity of microsatellite repeat motifs on vertebrate sex chromosomes across 186 whole genomes.

Microsatellites are short tandem DNA repeats, ubiquitous in genomes. They are believed to be under selection pressure, considering their high distribution and abundance beyond chance or random accumulation. However, limited analysis of microsatellites in single taxonomic groups makes it challenging to understand their evolutionary significance across taxonomic boundaries.

Should the Identification Guidelines for Siamese Crocodiles Be Revised? Differing Post-Occipital Scute Scale Numbers Show Phenotypic Variation Does Not Result from Hybridization with Saltwater Crocodiles.

Populations of Siamese crocodiles () have severely declined because of hunting and habitat fragmentation, necessitating a reintroduction plan involving commercial captive-bred populations. However, hybridization between Siamese and saltwater crocodiles () has occurred in captivity. Siamese crocodiles commonly have post-occipital scutes (P.

Quality control of fighting fish nucleotide sequences in public repositories reveals a dark matter of systematic taxonomic implication.

Background: The number of nucleotide sequences in public repositories has exploded recently. However, the data contain errors, leading to incorrect species identification. Several fighting fish (Betta spp.

Population Scale Analysis of Centromeric Satellite DNA Reveals Highly Dynamic Evolutionary Patterns and Genomic Organization in Long-Tailed and Rhesus Macaques.

Centromeric satellite DNA (cen-satDNA) consists of highly divergent repeat monomers, each approximately 171 base pairs in length. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity in the centromeric region of two primate species: long-tailed () and rhesus () macaques. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and bioinformatic analysis showed the chromosome-specific organization and dynamic nature of cen-satDNAsequences, and their substantial diversity, with distinct subfamilies across macaque populations, suggesting increased turnovers.

Something Fishy about Siamese Fighting Fish () Sex: Polygenic Sex Determination or a Newly Emerged Sex-Determining Region?

Fishes provide a unique and intriguing model system for studying the genomic origin and evolutionary mechanisms underlying sex determination and high sex-chromosome turnover. In this study, the mode of sex determination was investigated in Siamese fighting fish, a species of commercial importance. Genome-wide SNP analyses were performed on 75 individuals (40 males and 35 females) across commercial populations to determine candidate sex-specific/sex-linked loci.

Do Ty3/Gypsy Transposable Elements Play Preferential Roles in Sex Chromosome Differentiation?

Transposable elements (TEs) comprise a substantial portion of eukaryotic genomes. They have the unique ability to integrate into new locations and serve as the main source of genomic novelties by mediating chromosomal rearrangements and regulating portions of functional genes. Recent studies have revealed that TEs are abundant in sex chromosomes.