Long-term Outcomes with Spinal versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Trial.

Background: The effects of spinal versus general anesthesia on long-term outcomes have not been well studied. This study tested the hypothesis that spinal anesthesia is associated with better long-term survival and functional recovery than general anesthesia.

Methods: A prespecified analysis was conducted of long-term outcomes of a completed randomized superiority trial that compared spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia for hip fracture repair.

Quantification of rainfall, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration trend and their interrelationship in sub-climatic zones of Bangladesh.

Rainfall, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration (ET) have a significant influence on irrigation, aridity, flooding, and crop water requirements. The primary aims of this study were to analyze the trends in rainfall, temperature, and ET in seven sub-climatic zones of Bangladesh from 1989 to 2020, as well as examine their interrelationships. The Modified Mann-Kendall method was employed to assess trends, while linear regression was used for trend validation.

Outcomes with spinal versus general anesthesia for patients with and without preoperative cognitive impairment: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: The effect of spinal versus general anesthesia on the risk of postoperative delirium or other outcomes for patients with or without cognitive impairment (including dementia) is unknown.

Methods: Post hoc secondary analysis of a multicenter pragmatic trial comparing spinal versus general anesthesia for adults aged 50 years or older undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Results: Among patients randomized to spinal versus general anesthesia, new or worsened delirium occurred in 100/295 (33.

Pain, Analgesic Use, and Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The REGAIN (Regional versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence after Hip Fracture) trial found similar ambulation and survival at 60 days with spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. Trial outcomes evaluating pain, prescription analgesic use, and patient satisfaction have not yet been reported.

Objective: To compare pain, analgesic use, and satisfaction after hip fracture surgery with spinal versus general anesthesia.

Spinal Anesthesia or General Anesthesia for Hip Surgery in Older Adults.

Background: The effects of spinal anesthesia as compared with general anesthesia on the ability to walk in older adults undergoing surgery for hip fracture have not been well studied.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, randomized superiority trial to evaluate spinal anesthesia as compared with general anesthesia in previously ambulatory patients 50 years of age or older who were undergoing surgery for hip fracture at 46 U.S.

Intrathecal morphine administration reduces postoperative pain and peripheral endocannabinoid levels in total knee arthroplasty patients: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The primary goal of this study was to determine whether administration of intrathecal morphine reduces postoperative pain. The secondary goal was to determine the effect of intrathecal morphine upon circulating levels of the weakly analgesic endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and the related lipids palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA).

Methods: Forty two total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients were enrolled in a prospective, double-blinded, randomized study.

Interleukin-6 and leptin levels are associated with preoperative pain severity in patients with osteoarthritis but not with acute pain after total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Identifying drivers of pain that can serve as novel drug targets is important for improving perioperative analgesia. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with significant postoperative pain. Cytokines contribute to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) and associated pain.

An average hand hygiene day for nurses and physicians: The burden is not equal.

Background: To understand whether the burden of hand hygiene contributes to poor compliance we measured the daily number of hand hygiene opportunities (HHOs) by shift for nurses and physicians in 2 wards in a 850-bed university teaching hospital.

Methods: On each ward 4 trained auditors collected the number of HHOs and compliance events for 24 hours over 7 days. Twenty-one thousand four hundred fifty HHOs were collected from a medical and a surgical ward.

Introducing automated hand hygiene surveillance to an Australian hospital: Mirroring the HOW2 Benchmark Study.

Background: Human auditing and collating hand hygiene compliance data take hundreds of hours. We report on 24/7 overt observations to establish adjusted average daily hand hygiene opportunities (HHOs) used as the denominator in an automated surveillance that reports daily compliance rates.

Methods: Overt 24/7 automated surveillance collected HHOs in medical and surgical wards.

Knowledge and perception about climate change and human health: findings from a baseline survey among vulnerable communities in Bangladesh.

Background: Bangladesh is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change (CC). A basic understanding of public perception on vulnerability, attitude and the risk in relation to CC and health will provide strategic directions for government policy, adaptation strategies and development of community-based guidelines. The objective of this study was to collect community-based data on peoples' knowledge and perception about CC and its impact on health.

Comparison of Abtectcell III and Diamed red cell antibody screening kit for detection of clinically significant red cells alloantibody.

Antibody screening is important for the antenatal screening and pre-transfusion tests. This study aimed to compare the MUT/Mur kodecytesAbtectcell III (CSL Abtectcell III) red cell antibody screening kit with DiaMed ID-Dia Cell I-II-III Asia that was then used in our laboratory. In this study, 125 samples were randomly chosen, with 67 samples of known antibody specificities and 58 samples identified as negative for antibody, as the negative control.

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antibiogram: How inaccurate have our estimates been?

The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of antimicrobial resistance patterns reported by the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) established using surveys of just the first 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from each participating hospital. Patterns of resistance of a survey sample of S. aureus isolates collected prospectively from five Queensland hospitals participating in the AGAR biennial national survey, using the first 100 isolates diagnosed from each test year, were tested.

Leptin levels are negatively correlated with 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with osteoarthritis.

Background: There is compelling evidence in humans that peripheral endocannabinoid signaling is disrupted in obesity. However, little is known about the corresponding central signaling. Here, we have investigated the relationship between gender, leptin, body mass index (BMI) and levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of primarily overweight to obese patients with osteoarthritis.

Endocannabinoids and acute pain after total knee arthroplasty.

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a progressive disease that is associated with inflammation of the joints and lower extremity pain. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical procedure that aims to reduce pain and restore motor function in patients suffering from OA. The immediate postoperative period can be intensely painful leading to extended recovery times including persistent pain.

Trends in Sri Lankan cause-specific adult mortality 1950-2006.

Background: Although all-cause mortality in Sri Lanka decreased significantly from 1950 to 1970, subsequent declines have been more modest with divergent trends by age and sex. This study investigates these trends through cause of death analysis for 1950-2006 in adults aged 15-64 years.

Methods: Deaths were obtained from the World Health Organisation (WHO) mortality database for 1950 to 2003, and the Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka for 1992-95 and 2004-06 where WHO data was unavailable.

Divergent mortality trends by ethnicity in Fiji.

Objective: To examine trends in infant mortality rate (IMR), adult mortality and life expectancy (LE) in the two major Fijian ethnic groups since 1975.

Methods: Estimates of IMR, adult mortality (15-59 years) and LE by ethnicity are calculated from previously unreported Fiji Ministry of Health data and extracted from published sources.

Results: Over 1975-2008: IMR decreased from 33 to 20 deaths/1,000 live births in i-Taukei (Fiji Melanesians); and 38 to 18 in Fijians of Indian descent.

Doctor, do you have a moment? National Hand Hygiene Initiative compliance in Australian hospitals.

Objectives: To examine hand hygiene compliance rates for medical and nursing staff, compliance with hand hygiene before touching a patient (Moment 1 of the Five moments for hand hygiene), and the effect of differential sampling of staff on the average national rate. Also, to establish whether hand hygiene rates impact Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (SABSI).

Design And Setting: Analysis of data from three different cross-sectional datasets--Hand Hygiene Australia data for 246,665 hand hygiene opportunities during the first quarter (1 January to 31 March) of 2013 from 82 public hospitals representing eight Australian states and territories, and hand hygiene rates and SABSI rates from the MyHospitals website reported for 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012.

Association between hypertension and chronic arsenic exposure in drinking water: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh.

Chronic arsenic exposure and its association with hypertension in adults are inconclusive and this cross-sectional study investigated the association. The study was conducted between January and July 2009 among 1,004 participants from 1,682 eligible women and men aged ≥30 years living in rural Bangladesh who had continuously consumed arsenic-contaminated drinking water for at least 6 months. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg (systolic hypertension) and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (diastolic hypertension).