Endemic Bladder Stone Disease in Children, Pattern And Current Management: Experience From A Centre In Peri-Urban Setting In Pakistan.

Purpose: To share our recent experience of the pattern and demography of endemic bladder calculi in children and the outcomes of current management strategies for the removal of bladder calculi in a peri-urban setting.

Material And Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study was carried out at a dedicated urology centre. All patients with endemic bladder stones from January 2020 to December 2021 managed at our centre were included in this study.

Borderline Changes on Dysfunctional Renal Allograft Biopsies: Clinical Relevance in a Living Related Renal Transplant Setting.

Objectives: Our aim was to determine the clinical significance of borderline lymphocytic infiltrates on indicated renal allograft biopsies in a living related renal transplant setting.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted at the histopathology department of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation. A retrospective review of 421 renal transplant patients was conducted from October 2007 to September 2008 to identify patients in whom a histologic diagnosis of borderline changes was made on dysfunctional renal allograft biopsies.

Renal transplant in a tuberous sclerosis patient with bilateral giant renal angiomyolipomas and concurrent renal carcinoma.

Co-existence of angiomyolipoma (AML) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the same tumor mass is very rare and only eight cases have been reported. We present a case of a young female with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) with bilateral huge renal AMLs. Both tumors were removed, one of which revealed co-incidental RCC.