Nutraceuticals and their Derived Nano-Formulations for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the common chronic neurological disorders and associated with cognitive dysfunction, depression and progressive dementia. The presence of β-amyloid or senile plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangle, oxidative-nitrative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroinflammation and derailed neurotransmitter status are the hallmarks of AD. Currently, donepezil, memantine, rivastigmine and galantamine are approved by the FDA for symptomatic management.

Open Versus Closed Laparoscopy: Yet an Unresolved Controversy.

Introduction: Safe placement of the Verres needle or the primary trocar for establishment of pneumoperitoneum is the most critical step in laparoscopic procedure as it is associated with bowel, bladder and life threatening vascular injuries and embolism. In the last few decades many techniques and guidelines have been introduced to eliminate complications in creation of pneumoperitoneum. Classical closed technique (Verres needle) and the open classic technique (Hasson) are the most commonly used techniques for creation of pneumoperitoneum.