Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Trends in Pakistan: Activity Survey from Pakistan Bone Marrow Transplant Group.

Pakistan is the fifth most populous country with a population of 225 million and has health expenditure accounting for only 2.8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Accordingly, there are a limited number of haematology-oncology and transplant centers in the country.

Single-cell dissection of aggression in honeybee colonies.

Understanding how genotypic variation results in phenotypic variation is especially difficult for collective behaviour because group phenotypes arise from complex interactions among group members. A genome-wide association study identified hundreds of genes associated with colony-level variation in honeybee aggression, many of which also showed strong signals of positive selection, but the influence of these 'colony aggression genes' on brain function was unknown. Here we use single-cell (sc) transcriptomics and gene regulatory network (GRN) analyses to test the hypothesis that genetic variation for colony aggression influences individual differences in brain gene expression and/or gene regulation.

Investigation of the radical scavenging potential of vanillin-based pyrido-dipyrimidines: experimental and approach.

Antioxidants have a significant contribution in the cell protection against free radicals which may induce oxidative stress, and permanently damage the cells causing different disorders such as tumors, degenerative diseases, and accelerated aging. Nowadays, a multi-functionalized heterocyclic framework plays an important role in drug development, and it is of great importance in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Encouraged by the bioactivity of the pyrido-dipyrimidine scaffold and vanillin core, herein, we made an effort to thoroughly investigate the antioxidant potential of the vanillin-based pyrido-dipyrimidines A-E to reveal novel promising free radical inhibitors.

Co-Combination of Pregabalin and -Extract-Loaded Topical Gel Alleviates Allodynia and Hyperalgesia in the Chronic Sciatic Nerve Constriction Injury for Neuropathic Pain in Animal Model.

The current study reports the fabrication of co-combination gel using Pregabalin and Withania coagulans fruit extract to validate its effectiveness for neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat models. Three topical gels were prepared using Carbopol 934 through a pseudo-ternary phase diagram incorporating the Pregabalin (2.5%), Withania coagulans extract (2%), and co-combination of both Pregabalin (2.

COVID-19 Challenge: A Quest for Effective Vaccine Strategies Against Circulating and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the coronavirus family, a large family of viruses infecting avian and mammalian hosts. Accumulated mutations over time in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 have given rise to different variants differing in type and sequence. Variants that did not affect transmissibility, infectivity, and severity have gone unnoticed, and mutations that made the virus unfit for survival were eventually deleted from the gene pool.

A new class of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes containing Biginelli hybrids: anticancer and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities.

In order to discover new dual-active agents, a series of novel Biginelli hybrids (tetrahydropyrimidines) and their ruthenium(II) complexes were synthesized. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and X-ray techniques and investigated for their cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines HeLa, LS174, A549, A375, K562 and normal fibroblasts (MRC-5). For further examination of the cytotoxic mechanisms of novel complexes, two of them were chosen for analyzing their effects on the distribution of HeLa cells in the cell cycle phases.

Cardioprotective potential of Thymus linearis Benth.

In developing countries, myocardial ischemia and the resulting impairments in heart function are the leading cause of illness and mortality. Thymus linearis Benth has been used as an antibiotic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive agent for centuries. The goal of this investigation was to see if Thymus linearis could protect isoproterenol and doxorubicin-induced myocardial ischemia in vivo at doses of 25 mg/kg s.

Pharmacological exploration of anti-arthritic potential of terbutaline through in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models.

Terbutaline have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. Present study aimed to check the anti-arthritic activity of terbutaline. The drug was tested using in vitro models (bovine serum albumin denaturation, egg albumin denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilization) and in vivo (formaldehyde induced arthritis).

Pharmacological evaluation of cardioprotective potential of Berberis orthobotrys Bien.ex Aitch.

The resurgence of scrutiny in plant-based medicine is mainly due to the current widespread belief that "green medicine" is safe and more dependable than the expensive synthetic drugs. The current study was focused to evaluate the anti-myocardial ischemic potential of Berberis orthobotrys Bien ex Aitch against chemically induced myocardial ischemia in animal models. Myocardial ischemia was instigated in Sprague Dawley rats of either sex (250-450g) by administration of Isoproterenol (ISO) and doxorubicin (DOX) at doses of 25mg/kg b.

Ethyl-acetate extract of tara mira (Eruca sativa) alleviates the inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis in rats.

Eruca sativa, member of family Brassicaceae, was evaluated for its anti-arthritic potential. Both in vitro and in vivo models were used to bring out a safe, effective and economical remedy. In vitro tests included egg albumin denaturation suppression, bovine serum albumin assay and human red blood cells maintenance assay.

REVIEW- Covid-19: Diagnosis, summary of essays and evolving approaches.

COVID-19 spread worldwide after its outbreak in December 2019. This review paper aims to educate the readers regarding SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and detection tools and the issues experienced by researchers. We identify on-the-horizon point-of-care diagnostic tests and inspire scholars to develop their innovations past conception.

A review: Biologically active 3,4-heterocycle-fused coumarins.

The combination of heterocycles offers a new opportunity to create novel multicyclic compounds having improved biological activity. Coumarins are ubiquitous natural heterocycle widely adopted in the design of various biologically active compounds. Fusing different heterocycles with coumarin ring is one of the interesting approaches to generating novel hybrid molecules having highlighted biological activities.

Sex-specific plasticity across generations I: Maternal and paternal effects on sons and daughters.

Intergenerational plasticity or parental effects-when parental environments alter the phenotype of future generations-can influence how organisms cope with environmental change. An intriguing, underexplored possibility is that sex-of both the parent and the offspring-plays an important role in driving the evolution of intergenerational plasticity in both adaptive and non-adaptive ways. Here, we evaluate the potential for sex-specific parental effects in a freshwater population of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus by independently and jointly manipulating maternal and paternal experiences and separately evaluating their phenotypic effects in sons versus daughters.

Design and synthesis of multi-target directed 1,2,3-triazole-dimethylaminoacryloyl-chromenone derivatives with potential use in Alzheimer's disease.

To discover multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a new series of 1,2,3-triazole-chromenone derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the multi target-directed ligands approach. The in vitro biological activities included acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition as well as anti-Aβ aggregation, neuroprotective effects, and metal-chelating properties. The results indicated a highly selective BuChE inhibitory activity with an IC value of 21.

Meta-analysis of honey bee neurogenomic response links Deformed wing virus type A to precocious behavioral maturation.

Crop pollination by the western honey bee Apis mellifera is vital to agriculture but threatened by alarmingly high levels of colony mortality, especially in Europe and North America. Colony loss is due, in part, to the high viral loads of Deformed wing virus (DWV), transmitted by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, especially throughout the overwintering period of a honey bee colony. Covert DWV infection is commonplace and has been causally linked to precocious foraging, which itself has been linked to colony loss.

Neurogenomic insights into paternal care and its relation to territorial aggression.

Motherhood is characterized by dramatic changes in brain and behavior, but less is known about fatherhood. Here we report that male sticklebacks-a small fish in which fathers provide care-experience dramatic changes in neurogenomic state as they become fathers. Some genes are unique to different stages of paternal care, some genes are shared across stages, and some genes are added to the previously acquired neurogenomic state.

Discovery of novel thienoquinoline-2-carboxamide chalcone derivatives as antiproliferative EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Novel thienoquinoline carboxamide-chalcone derivatives were prepared via the cyclization of acylated chalcones and 2-mercaptoquinoline-3-carbaldehyde in DMF with KCO. Thienoquinolines 9a-f, h exhibited promising antiproliferative effect against all the tested cell lines and gave a significant activity as EGFR inhibitors, with IC values ranging from 0.5 and 3.

3D Printing Technology in Design of Pharmaceutical Products.

Background: Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a novel technology for fabrication of personalized medicine. As of late, FDA affirmed 3D printed tranquilize item in August 2015, which is characteristic of another section of Pharmaceutical assembling. 3DP incorporates a wide range of assembling procedures, which are altogether founded on computer-aided design (CAD), and controlled deposition of materials (layer-by-layer) to make freestyle geometries.

Synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular modeling studies of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as EGFR inhibitors.

A series of novel compounds carrying 1,2,4-triazole scaffold were prepared and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against NCI 60 cell line. Compounds 10 (a, c), 11 (a-d), and 14 (a-e) were selected for evaluation at single concentration of 10 μM towards panel of sixty cancer cell lines. Some of nitric oxide (NO) donating triazole/oxime hybrids 11a-d showed antiproliferative activity better than their corresponding ketones.

Personal and transgenerational cues are nonadditive at the phenotypic and molecular level.

Organisms can gain information about their environment from their ancestors, their parents or their own personal experience. 'Cue integration' models often start with the simplifying assumption that information from different sources is additive. Here, we test key assumptions and predictions of cue integration theory at both the phenotypic and molecular level in threespined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel multi-target-directed ligands for treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on coumarin and lipoic acid scaffolds.

A novel series of coumarin-lipoic acid conjugates were synthesized via cycloaddition click reaction to find out new multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All of synthesized compounds were screened for neuroprotective and anti-cholinesterase activities. Based on primary screening, two compounds (5 and 11) were subjected to further biological evaluations.

Formulation and optimization of levofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticle for ocular delivery: In-vitro characterization, ocular tolerance and antibacterial activity.

In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CH-NPs) were used to encapsulate antibacterial agent levofloxacin for the treatment of ocular infection. The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate. The developed formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters and optimized formulation was converted into the sol-gel system to enhance the corneal residence time.

Temporal dynamics of neurogenomic plasticity in response to social interactions in male threespined sticklebacks.

Animals exhibit dramatic immediate behavioral plasticity in response to social interactions, and brief social interactions can shape the future social landscape. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to behavioral plasticity are unclear. Here, we show that the genome dynamically responds to social interactions with multiple waves of transcription associated with distinct molecular functions in the brain of male threespined sticklebacks, a species famous for its behavioral repertoire and evolution.

Tinospora species: An overview of their modulating effects on the immune system.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Studies on the effects of natural immunomodulators to heal various diseases related to the immune system have been a growing interest in recent years. Amongst the medicinal plants, Tinospora species (family; Menispermaceae) have been one of the widely investigated plants for their modulating effects on the immune system due to their wide use in ethnomedicine to treat various ailments related to immune-related diseases. However, their ethnopharmacological uses are mainly with limited or without scientific basis.

An overview of structure-activity relationship studies of curcumin analogs as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

Curcumin, extracted mainly from Curcuma longa rhizomes, has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Although safe at higher doses and exhibiting multiple biological activities, curcumin still has the problem of poor bioavailability which has been an attractive area of research over the last few years. A number of efforts have been made by modifying structural features of curcumin.