A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of early vs. delayed pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses significant health challenges, often leading to complications such as venous thromboembolism (VTE) and increased mortality rates. The administration of early post-traumatic prophylaxis (PTP) is intended to mitigate these risks and enhance overall patient recovery. This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing clinical outcomes associated with early versus late pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in TBI patients.

Comparison of index and reoperative bowel resections in Crohn's disease.

Background: There is a scarcity of literature describing outcomes of reoperative Crohn's disease. An in-depth knowledge of these outcomes is critical for managing patient expectations and optimal perioperative planning. We sought to examine outcomes in patients undergoing reoperative surgeries for Crohn's disease compared to index operations.

Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Versus Redo-Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Aortic stenosis is a common and significant valve condition requiring bioprosthetic heart valves with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) being strongly recommended for high-risk patients or patients over 75 years. This meta-analysis aimed to pool existing data on postprocedural clinical as well as echocardiographic outcomes comparing valve-in-valve (ViV)-TAVR to redo-surgical aortic valve replacement to assess the short-term and medium-term outcomes for both treatment methods. A systematic literature search on Cochrane Central, Scopus, and Medline (PubMed interface) electronic databases from inception to August 2023.

From Skin to Solution: Exploring Epicutaneous Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Peanut allergy is a leading cause of severe food reactions. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) compared to placebo for peanut-allergic individuals. After prospectively registering on PROSPERO, we searched three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL) and 2 trial registries till September 2023.

A meta-analysis on the effect of proximal landing zone location on stroke and mortality in thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Background: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) involving the aortic arch may increase the opportunity for stroke owing to disruption of cerebral circulation and embolization. In this study, a systematic meta-analysis was performed to examine the impact of proximal landing zone location on stroke and 30-day mortality after TEVAR.

Methods: MEDLINE and Cochrane Library were searched for all original studies of TEVAR reporting outcomes of stroke or 30-day mortality for at least two adjacent proximal landing zones, based on the Ishimaru classification scheme.

The Virtual Face of Colon and Rectal Surgery Training in the USA: An In-Depth Evaluation and Analysis of Fellowship Programs Website Content.

Background: With an ever-evolving digital and virtual world hastened by the COVID-19 pandemic, prospective colon and rectal surgery fellowship applicants must rely on online sources of information, such as websites, rather than in-person visits to fellowship programs. This study analyzes and evaluates the content and accuracy of colon and rectal surgery fellowship program websites.

Methods: The Fellowship and Residency Electronic and Interactive Database website provides a complete collection of colon and rectal surgery fellowship websites based in the USA.

Role of laparoscopic surgery in the management of gallbladder cancer: Systematic review & meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis evaluates the safety and short-term oncological outcomes of laparoscopic vs. open surgery for gallbladder carcinoma(GBC).

Methods: Meta-analysis was performed on laparoscopic(LG) and open group(OG) studies.

Efficacy of bariatric surgery in COVID-19 patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Obesity is linked with poor outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In patients with BMI > 35 kg/m, increased rates of hospital and subsequently ICU admissions have been noted. Bariatric surgery resulting in sustained weight loss is hypothesized to decrease the morbid outcomes associated with COVID.

Fire-Exposed Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete: Effects of Burning Temperature on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties.

Geopolymer concrete possesses superior fire resistance compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based concrete; however, there are concerns regarding its vulnerability when exposed to real fire events. In the present study, the fire resistance of fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete was evaluated relative to that of OPC-based concrete. Concrete specimens of standard strength grades of 20, 40, and 60 MPa were exposed to fire at 500 and 1200 °C for 2 h to simulate real fire events.

Structure-guided design of multi-epitopes vaccine against variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 and validation through In silico cloning and immune simulations.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corovirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been determined to be the cause of the current pandemic. Typical symptoms of patient having COVID-19 are fever, runny nose, cough (dry or not) and dyspnea. Several vaccines are available in markets that are tackling current pandemic.

Are doctors protected enough during COVID-19 in South Asia?

Background: The highly contagious nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) places physicians in South Asia at high risk of contracting the infection. Accordingly, we conducted this study to provide an updated account of physician deaths in South Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze and compare the different characteristics associated with physician mortality amongst the countries of the region.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study by using published news reports on the websites of news agencies from 9 selected countries in South Asia.

Assessing the Mental Impact and Burnout among Physicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Developing Country Single-Center Experience.

Health-care workers are on the front line to combat the peculiar coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and are susceptible to acquiring this infection. This study is aimed at documenting the effect of "coronaphobia" on mental well-being and to report burnout among physicians. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey between November 17, 2020 and January 1, 2021 via a Google form distributed among the physicians of a tertiary care hospital, in Karachi, Pakistan.

Does gender influence leadership roles in academic surgery in the United States of America? A cross-sectional study.

Background: Gender disparity remains prevalent in the field of academic surgery with an under-representation of women at senior leadership ranks. A wide variety of causes are reported to contribute to this gender-based discrimination but a current quantitative analysis in the US has significant importance. This cross-sectional study aims to document gender disparity in academic and leadership positions in surgery as well as its relationship with scholarly productivity.

Assessing the Gap in Female Authorship in Neurosurgery Literature: A 20-Year Analysis of Sex Trends in Authorship.

Background: Publications are considered a major factor for advancement in academia. An effort has been made to study authorship trends in neurosurgery publications. The objective of this study was to investigate authorship trends in the neurosurgery literature for the last 20 years (1998-2018).

Disparity in Leadership in Neurosurgical Societies: A Global Breakdown.

Objective: Gender disparity in academic and organizational settings has been the topic of numerous studies and they have tried to extract its causes using H-index as the prime metric. The primary objective of our study was to assess gender disparity in leadership positions in neurosurgical societies worldwide. A second objective was to evaluate scholarly output among neurosurgeons in neurosurgical societies worldwide, utilizing H-index as a predominant metric.

Prevalence and Predictors of Home Use of Glucometers in Diabetic Patients.

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a critical component of diabetes care. However, it has been shown that use of glucometers in developing countries such as Pakistan is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of glucometer usage in the urban diabetic population of Karachi and to identify variables that influenced the likelihood of practice of SMBG.