SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections (VBI) by Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and consequences in structural and functional impact.

This study investigated the efficacy of existing vaccines against hospitalization and infection due to the Omicron variant of COVID-19, particularly for those who received two doses of Moderna or Pfizer vaccines and one dose of Johnson & Johnson vaccine or who were vaccinated more than five months before. A total of 36 variants in Omicron's spike protein, targeted by all three vaccinations, have made antibodies less effective at neutralizing the virus. The genotyping of the SARS-CoV-2 viral sequence revealed clinically significant variants such as E484K in three genetic mutations (T95I, D614G, and del142-144).

Protective role of Avena fatua against drug-induced liver toxicity.

The study was conducted to examine the protective potential of ethanol seed extract (ESEt) of Avena fatua (wild oats) against antituberculosis drug (ATD)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Four groups of rats (n=6) were used. Of which, three groups were given ATD (Rimstar 900mg/15kg) and divided them into hepatotoxic control (distilled water 1mL/kg), positive control (silymarin 200mg/kg) and test group (ESEt 800mg/kg).

Monoclonal antibody designed for SARS-nCoV-2 spike protein of receptor binding domain on antigenic targeted epitopes for inhibition to prevent viral entry.

SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome, is caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This situation has compelled many pharmaceutical R&D companies and public health research sectors to focus their efforts on developing effective therapeutics. SARS-nCoV-2 was chosen as a protein spike to targeted monoclonal antibodies and therapeutics for prevention and treatment.

Peptides-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 antigenic fragmented synthetic epitopes recognized by T cell and -cell initiation of specific antibodies to fight the infection.

The World Health Organization has declared the rapidly spreading coronavirus to be a global pandemic. The FDA is yet to approve a vaccine for human novel coronavirus. Here, we developed a peptide-based vaccine and used high-throughput screening by molecular dynamics simulation to identify T-cell- and -cell-recognized epitopes for producing specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

Multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced genotoxic, inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses in mice: Investigating the mechanisms of pulmonary carcinogenesis.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified one type of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as possibly carcinogenic to humans. However, the underlying mechanisms of MWCNT- induced carcinogenicity are not known. In this study, the genotoxic, mutagenic, inflammatory, and fibrotic potential of MWCNTs were investigated.

Fermentable Carbohydrates Differentially Affect Colon Tumor Formation in Azoxymethane-Induced Male Fischer 344 Rats.

Background: The role of fermentation compared with the source or type of the fermentable material in colon tumorigenesis remains an issue in refining the definition of dietary fiber (DF).

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the fermentation and source-specific effects of various carbohydrates in a medium-term colon tumorigenesis model.

Methods: Six-week-old male Fischer 344 rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups (n = 36/group) to receive either AIN-93G (control) or diets containing fructooligosaccharides, wheat bran (WB), oat bran (OB), polydextrose, or high-amylose maize starch (HAMS), each adjusted to contain a total DF concentration of 7% (wt:wt) and have a fermentability of 3% (wt:wt).

Effects of Chronic Ochratoxin A Exposure on p53 Heterozygous and p53 Homozygous Mice.

Exposure to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) causes nephropathy in domestic animals and rodents and renal tumors in rodents and poultry. Humans are exposed to OTA by consuming foods made with contaminated cereal grains and other commodities. Management of human health risks due to OTA exposure depends, in part, on establishing a mode of action (MOA) for OTA carcinogenesis.

Dietary supplementation with soy isoflavones or replacement with soy proteins prevents hepatic lipid droplet accumulation and alters expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in rats.

Accumulation of hepatic lipid droplet (HLD) is the hallmark pathology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examined the effects of soy isoflavones (ISF) and different amounts of soy proteins on the accumulation of HLD, lipid metabolism and related gene expression in rats. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 20 % casein protein without (D1) or with (D2) supplemental ISF (50 mg/kg diet) or substitution of casein with increasing amounts of alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (SPI, 5, 10, and 20 %; D3, D4, D5) for 90 days.

Negligible colon cancer risk from food-borne acrylamide exposure in male F344 rats and nude (nu/nu) mice-bearing human colon tumor xenografts.

Acrylamide, a possible human carcinogen, is formed in certain carbohydrate-rich foods processed at high temperature. We evaluated if dietary acrylamide, at doses (0.5, 1.

Dietary acrylamide does not increase colon aberrant crypt foci formation in male F344 rats.

Acrylamide, a known rodent and a probable human carcinogen, is spontaneously formed in foods cooked at high temperature. We studied the role of dietary acrylamide in modulating the early stages of colon carcinogenesis and assessed if dietary fat level was critical in altering the effects of acrylamide. Male F344 rats were subcutaneously injected with azoxymethane and were simultaneously randomized into 8 dietary groups (n=8 rats/group).

Chronic atrophic antral gastritis and risk of metaplasia and dysplasia in an area with low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori.

Introduction: The Northeastern region of Peninsular Malaysia is an area with exceptionally low prevalence for Helicobacter pylori infection. The risk of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and its association with Helicobacter pylori is unknown in this region.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on gastric biopsies from 234 consecutive patients (mean age 53.

Prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in infiltrating ductal carcinoma breast.

Objective: To assess the independent and interdependent prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in carcinoma of breast in our female population and its association with pathologic variables and disease outcome.

Design: A descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi from January 1992 to December 1997.