Factor H (FH) is a crucial complement regulator that prevents complement-mediated injury to healthy cells and tissues. This regulatory function can be disrupted by Factor H autoantibodies (FHAA), which then leads to diseases such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 Glomerulopathy (C3G). In pediatric aHUS, the FHAA incidence is ~10-15%, although in the Indian population, it rises to ~50%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Metformin has been reported to improve age-related disorders, including dementia, and to lower mortality. This study was conducted to investigate whether metformin use lower delirium risk, as well as long-term mortality.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, previously recruited 1,404 subjects were analyzed.
The pathophysiological mechanisms of postoperative delirium (POD) are still not clear, and no reliable biomarker is available to differentiate those with and without POD. Pre- and post-surgery blood from epilepsy subjects undergoing neurosurgery were collected. DNA methylation (DNAm) levels of the TNF gene, IL1B gene, and IL6 gene by the Illumina EPIC array method, and DNAm levels of the TNF gene by pyrosequencing, were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt has been suggested that aging and inflammation play key roles in the development of delirium. In the present study, we investigated the differences of the DNAm patterns in the TNF gene between patients with delirium and without. The data and samples derived from previous and ongoing cohort studies were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplications of delirium and dementia increase mortality; however, it is difficult to diagnose delirium accurately, especially among dementia patients. The bispectral electroencephalography score can detect delirium and predict mortality in elderly patients. We aimed to develop an efficient and reliable bispectral electroencephalography device for high-throughput screening.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe previously reported the association between DNA methylation (DNAm) of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and age. In addition, neurotrophic factors are known to be associated with age and neurocognitive disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that DNAm of neurotrophic genes change with age, especially in delirium patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreviously our study has shown that the DNA methylation (DNAm) levels at CpG sites in the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene, TNF-alpha, decrease along with aging, suggesting the potential role of DNAm in aging and heightened inflammatory process leading to increased risk for delirium. However, DNAm differences between delirium cases and non-delirium controls have not been investigated directly. Therefore, we examined genome-wide DNAm differences in blood between patients with delirium and controls to identify useful epigenetic biomarkers for delirium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Delirium is common and dangerous, yet underdetected and undertreated. Current screening questionnaires are subjective and ineffectively implemented in busy hospital workflows. Electroencephalography (EEG) can objectively detect the diffuse slowing characteristic of delirium, but it is not suitable for high-throughput screening due to size, cost, and the expertise required for lead placement and interpretation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: Glucocorticoids play a major role in regulating the stress response, and an imbalance of glucocorticoids has been implicated in stress-related disorders. Within mouse models, CpGs across the genome have been shown to be differentially methylated in response to glucocorticoid treatment, and using the Infinium 27K array, it was shown that humans given synthetic glucocorticoids had DNA methylation (DNAm) changes in blood. However, further investigation of the extent to which glucocorticoids affect DNAm across a larger proportion of the genome is needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDelirium in elderly patients is common and dangerous. Major risk factors include aging and exogenous insults, such as infection or surgery. In animal models, aging enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine release from microglia in response to exogenous insults.
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